Analyze Economic Empowerment of Fisherman Community in Margasari Village, East Lampung

This research aim to know empowerment community of fisherman in Margasari village, Labuhan Maringgai, Lampung Timur. It affected the improvement life quality of the community of fisherman, through participation that means they realized development activity did not only about Government either community participation for quality improvement. This research is field research. Method research that is used in this research is the qualitative approach. Analysis of data used was qualitative with the conclusion of data used inductive. This research indicates that the empowerment level in this village is very low because fisherman did not include in empowerment activity. Most of the fishermen need to be empowered but need a strategy that involved not only one step of implementation but also planning, implementation, until evaluation.


INTRODUCTION
Coastal area and ocean have strategic meaning for the Indonesian future as the biggest archipelagic state in the world. Most coastal areas community are fisherman under poverty economically and socially. Economic limitations seemed to little fisherman income level. Social limitations as the implications of social economy, it is poverty. One of the poverty of coastal area communities is lowlevel education, knowledge, and skill. Based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (Statistik, 2020), the Indonesian poor community reached 26, 42 million people, and 63,47 % of those are people who lived in the coastal area and rural area. Ironically, with great potency, fisherman community welfare still lived under and identic with poverty. Development of ocean and fishery as an effort of fisherman community welfare and fish cultivator, fulfill the nutrient need of community, expand work field, and running business opportunity for increasing income in a rural area (Bappenas, 2014). The activity of fishery demand can explore production potency and increased productivity of fishery resources. Fishery products are expected to increase community income. One of the efforts for it is community empowerment/group for transformed growth community as community real strength, for protect and waged a struggle of value and significance in whole life aspects.
Community empowerment means the increased ability or increased autonomous community include individual and social institutions strengthening (Rizki, 2017). This activity a learning process for the increased capability of business actors of ocean and fishery in developing business fishery for increased income and welfare. Fisherman and community in the coastal area generally is the part of the lowest level poor community and often be the first most suffer victim caused by its helplessness and vulnerability. It happened in the community of fisherman in Margasari village, Lampung Timur. Fishermen had to face income indeterminacy and pressure of long fishing lack season, and financial management and production marketing result indeterminacy and others pressure and exploitation along with the development of fishery modernization sector. Community of fisherman identically with the poor community because of minimum fishery product and catching tool and marketplace or improper fish auction place.
The condition of the community of fisherman is generally marked by some characteristics, such as poverty, health, and culture compared to other communities. Social-culture backwardness, the low of coastal area human resources as left behind community group as economically and socially because of most of the people only Elementary School graduate, and low function of Group Usaha Bersama (KUB), Institution of Kemoneyan Mikro (LKM), or community organization capacity. The community lived properly because of participation toward designed development planning and determined purposed by the planner. Level participation community determined by the community will forbear development cost such as money and power in the development program. From the description above, the researcher is interested to know more about economic empowerment in Margasari village, Labuhan Maringgai, Lampung Timur.

METHODS
This research was descriptive. It gave as accurate a description about an individual, situation, indication, or certain group. To make easier data collection in the field, the researcher used the data collection method as following: 1. This observation did through the researcher's been at the research location and only did when the research was implemented and did not involved with activities related to the research problem. 2. The interview did with a kind interview that used in this research was lead-free interview brought complete and specific question also freely asked and the question still be developed as a given answer to the informant that in this research 5 fisherman and 5 village apparatus) 3. Survey with the shared questioner to people as randomly to get secondary data Before the data analysis step, the researcher processed collection data, then the researcher analyzed and interpreted it. After data collected then be classified as a discussed problem, then it be analyzed. In data analysis, the researcher used the qualitative data analysis method. It was inductive with special fact stepped thought, concrete reality been arranged generalization. This method is used to know the condition of real empowerment of the fisherman community in Margasari village, Labuhan Maringgai.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on observation, conditions economically based on income depend on fisheries resources in a certain season. This season was the west season (harvest), and the east season (low harvest/ "paceklik"). This research did on the east season when fishermen still are difficult to get fisheries resources. Besides, a situation of Covid-19 pandemic, fisherman income very few compared than expected. It happened because of the minimum consumer. They also followed weather as an absence to fishing in the rainy season.
The observation did with the observed daily life of a fisherman, most of them fishing in a certain season. Fishermen who had been boss or seafood collector, their income different with small fisherman. Besides fishing activity, they also catch Rajungan. Some fishermen repaired net or boat, and some of them that followed organization and some people stayed at home for a repaired net for fishing next days. Basically, most people (especially men) in Margasari village worked as a fisherman and most of them rely on seafood and village government attention. Physically, condition of the economy most people lived in Margasari village still be under poverty. Their income was minimum for daily life.
Based on fact, the condition that happened to most of the people in Margasari village indicated a tendency that of the difficulties in life and poverty. Based on Raymond Firth in Sutawi and David Darmawan (Kompas, 2003), poverty of fisherman had characteristics, First, the income of fisherman was daily raised and its amount hard to be determined because it depends on the season and status of fisherman. Second, generally, low level of education fisherman and children. Third, fisherman more related to the exchange economy because the product was not a staple food. Fourth, the fishery sector needs a great degree of investment than other business sectors. Kelima, fisherman life under poverty included by susceptibility. Based on the phenomenon above, in some cause of poverty, that conspicuous was work relationship between fisherman as owner with smallholder fisherman in the fishing organization, especially for very affected result toward high-low income smallholder fisherman (Saidi, 2014).

Economic Empowerment in Margasari Village
Empowerment is a process of transfer power, strength, or ability. It did by other parties outside that empowerless one. This term could not be defined that empowerless community did have zero power, but need to be charged. Economic empowerment of fisherman community was activity did by people or institution to the community of fisherman for being powered or increased. The essence of empowerment based on Ambar Teguh Sulistiyani (2004: 79) as a condition or climate creation or that possible community be enabling. Winarni in Sulistiyani (2004: 79) said that the essence of empowerment includes three things, they were: enabling, empowering, and autonomous creation.
While empowerment in a coastal area, based on Kusnadi (2009) empowerment community of fisherman means is planned, systematic, and continuous conscious effort for setup social, economic, and political autonomous community of fisherman with managed potence resources owned for reach continuous social welfare. In empowerment need systematic condition and process in empowerment for community economy especially for community poverty, such as the community of traditional fisherman in a rural area.
Result of collecting data through interviews with fisherman, empowerment activity in Margasari village still be less optimum. Community or people who lived in this area were less participation for development activity seemed on a situation that only certain people participated in the followed activity of empowerment started from planning, implementation, until evaluation. Fishermen prefer work hardly than only listened less positive think. Most of the fishermen did not know the well name of empowerment in Margasari village. It was not being socialized well by fishermen. With followed empowerment program based on fisherman, empowerment program did not affect economic welfare while there was economic aid such as tool and hulling machine for fish. But in the fact, tools given only sprawl in the warehouse did not use or considered as an unuseful thing. Fishermen could not reuse it. Based on data, previous, empowerment communities of fisherman had been formed, it had a meeting between fisherman, apparatus and empowerment agent, but most of the fisherman only listen, did not active to give a response or feedback for the best result as participation in activity or program. No effective socialization from village government, only as information which community of fisherman asked for formed a group for any program from central/local government. Based on Hasan Ubaidillah as a fisherman asked about his participation in an empowerment program that did not optimum yet in preparation, implementation, and evaluation aspect.
The empowerment program is purposed to empower or assist coastal area communities (Roslinawati, 2013). But the result of research, information obtained in activity economic empowerment in Margasari village did not give benefit for members, this matter indicated that purpose of economic empowerment for empowered coastal area community a line with the perception of informant about the role of program, as an instrument for the determined deficiency for evaluation with the result that community of fisherman in Margasari village had high spirit economic empowerment. Besides, it is an instrument of work seriousness. There were some obstacles to the empowerment program was less consciousness of the community for active participation, the government gave effective and efficient to the purpose assist where it was not appropriate with expectation and need of fisherman. Fishermen wish they would be empowered with the assist in modern fishing tool form.

Obstacles and Strategy of Empowerment Fisherman in Margasari village
These were some factors as obstacles in effort for empowerment by formal institutions for increased welfare coastal area community or fishery Margasari village: 1. Low quality of human resources (element); community of fisherman in Margasari village as a target of empowerment generally as a traditional fisherman of education and lowincome community. With kind of condition, they only need to answer the question "how could I live, how could I fulfill a prime daily need?" physiologically, the community of fisherman felt satisfied fastly with everything reached, they did not interested in any kind of rule, advice/suggestion, and as include empowerment program by government or formal institutions. Condition of fettered social of economic and condition of nature caused the community of fisherman satisfied fastly as mentally with the condition of the economy family and did not have a significant view about future. Low level of human resources graded from education aspect that generally exist as characteristic of the community of traditional fisherman. This condition did not only because of the psychology factor but because of accessibility of education medium as generally still be minimum and need additional cost. Empowerment program for the community that understood social economy and culture aspect that able resolved obstacles of human resources. 2. Direct assist that any judgment from the community of traditional fisherman generally that government aid with anything that distributed did not need to be returned. It caused minimum aid utilizing and be dependent. Minimum socialization and approach toward target community as one of the reasons about that judgment other than the traditional culture that regards that free economic aid distribution was government duty and because of low-level education. 3. Lack of accompaniment; For socialization, facilitation, and accompaniment, generally empowered by Pemberdayaan Pendamping Program (TPP) or Program Empowerment each location of the community. But in Margasari village there was no empowerment facilitator, but the only coordinator from the regency official of Lampung Timur. 4. "Tengkulak" and "Rentenir"; one ignored fact that condition of the social economy community of traditional fisherman in most of the coastal area in Indonesia still be a target of the program that generally still be bounded as moral in patron-client tradition. Patron as the capital owner had been given freedom for the client in resources fish management, and be restraint difficult to be freed. Everybody knew well that relationship between patron and client as a bound need each other. Each client in the fishery business that fulfilled by a patron as capital owner. Because of that, empowerment programs that able to struggle in strategy community necessary fulfillment that can run and succeed. Related to empowerment coastal area community, the is some strategy that can do for empowered coastal area community were: 1. Strategy of Facilitation 2. Strategy of Education 3. Strategy of Persuasive 4. Strategy of Dominance Management based on community as one of the approaches of natural resources management put knowledge and environment consciousness local community as basic of management. The community did have much deficiency especially in the level of education, the consciousness of environmental significance, finance/capital, etc. Formulation of model economic empowerment traditional fisherman should attention to their characters because as geographically they as a community with certain culture certain that be differentiation with other social groups (Kusnadi, 2009), and they were do-or-die, bright, persevering to fight and secured from cycle fetter of poverty, it was poverty itself. Between three groups (farm worker, peasant, and fisherman) in a rural area that most poor, fisherman still be most difficult, because of they as most of the evicted group that from the local area-farming local area.
The concept of empowerment in a discourse of development community is always connected with autonomous, participation, networking, and justice concept. Basically, empowerment is put on strength of the individual and social level. Empowerment means the behavior of strong mental (Hikmat, 2001). From the empowerment concept above, community empowerment in coastal areas and ocean as community empowerment coastal area for gave benefit and managed fishery and ocean resources as optimal and conservation as an effort increased their welfare. The essence of four strategy empowerment was the way or best management that should do for coastal area community will and able managed own resources. Nikijuluw explained three forms of management fishery and ocean resources, it was management fishery resources based on community (PSPBM), management resources fishery by government, and co-management (integration PSPBM and management fishery resources by the government). As known, the success of empowerment did not only organized by the government or community but a collective activity that the result could make prosperity for the whole stratum of the community. There were supporting factors and obstacles factors for been observed and resolved. Other supporting factors were consciousness concept had been built in every kind of activity that appropriate with existing law and rule, ecotourism potency and fishery resources, well active village apparatus and self-preparation of elementary school for self-motivation and guidelines, and practice.

CONCLUSION
Fisherman empowerment in Margasari village did not along have been because of only did as socialization. Fisherman also did not include in planning, implementation, and evaluation step. The intensity of dialogue between village government with fisherman 100% less. As known that the success of empowerment di not only attempted by the government or community, but a collective activity that result could make the community be prospered for the whole community. This matter needs to be resolved by the synergy between government such as village apparatus and other related instance. NGO or enterprise, campus, and community of fisherman itself who cared.