Participation of Community in Rural Development in Oengkolaki Village Mawasangka District Central Buton Regency

The purpose of this study was to determine the kinds of community participation and the factors driving community participation in rural development in Oengkolaki Village, Mawasangka District, Buton Tengah Regency. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through literature review and field research conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. After the data has been redundant, then completed the analysis by using qualitative techniques.  The results of the study aimed that the form of community participation in rural development in Oengkolaki Village, Mawasangka District, Buton Tengah Regency included participation in development planning, development implementation, and participating in utilizing the results of development. The factors driving community participation in development are awareness, community capacity, and rising community income.


INTRODUCTION
The multi-dimensional national development in its management involves all government officials, both at the central and regional levels and even at the village level. In the sociology dictionary, it is stated that participation is the participation of a person in a social group to take part in the activities of his community, outside of his work or profession (Theodorson in Melis, 2016).
In implementing development goals, all existing potentials must be developed, such as human potential in the form of the population which must be increased in knowledge and skills to be able to explore, develop and utilize natural potential to the full, and to achieve the implementation of development programs.
According to Isbandi (2007), the results of the study showed that community participation in village development included participation in the form of ideas or thoughts, participation in the form of energy, participation in material forms, and participation in evaluating the results of development.
Of course, the situation is very unfavorable because many people in Oengkolaki Village are in contradiction, people in Oengkolaki Village want the best for Oengkolaki Village but the reasons for participating in the development greeting are still lacking. If it is seen from the number, only a small portion of the community participates in the joint development, and only families from the village apparatus and people who have cooperation ideas, such as the elderly who directly participate in building. Such conditions are a problem and an obstacle for rural development to prosper the community.
The problem related to community participation in development in Oengkolaki Village is the weakening of the community's desire to be involved in development because they think that this development is not important or not according to community needs, opportunities are given by the village government are always open but the ability and willingness of the community are still lacking or low.
Based on this phenomenon, I intend to encourage the community to be directly involved in village development as is the duty of village communities. Actually to carry out community development has the desire to participate but the community still has a lot of influence from other village communities not to participate. This resulted in conflicts in the implementation of development between the community and the village government.
Thus, there are two objectives in writing this article, namely to find out the form of community participation and the factors driving community participation in rural development in Oengkolaki Village, Mawasangka District, Buton Tengah Regency.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This research has been carried out in Oengkolaki Village, Mawasangka District, Buton Tengah Regency. The determination of the research location is based on several considerations related to the issues to be studied relating to community participation in rural development. In determining informants, the researcher uses purposive sampling techniques, including village communities, village officials, and some community leaders.
The type of data used in this study consisted of qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data is a type of data that is written or oral in a series of words or sentences. While quantitative data is a numerically mathematical type of data. The data sources in this study, namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data created by researchers for the specific purpose of solving the problem being handled, primary data obtained through interviews using interview guides compiled by researchers to obtain data on informants. While secondary data is data that has been available at the agency in the study location.
The data collection techniques used in this study includes: 1. Observation, namely attention focused on a symptom, event, or something to interpret it, express the causes, and discovering the rules that govern it. 2. Interviews, conducted to obtain detailed data and reveal answers from research informants. 3. Documentation, carried out by looking back at the literature or documents and photographs of documentation relevant to the theme raised in this study.
To analyze the data obtained by researchers use qualitative data analysis techniques as intended by Miles and Huberman (Upe, 2016), including data reduction, data display, and conclusions drawing. Data reduction is a form of analysis that sharpens, classifies, organizes, directs, discards unnecessary data, and organizes data in such a way that finally the collected data can be verified.
Presentation of data is an assembly of information organizations, descriptions in the form of narratives that enable the conclusions of research can be done. The data presentation must refer to the formulation of the problem that has been formulated as a research question so that the narration presented is a description of the detailed conditions for telling and answering the questions. Presentation of qualitative data in addition to being presented in the form of a narrative text can also be presented in the form of matrices, graphs, networks, and charts.
After presenting the data, the next step is concluding. Concluding is the end of the qualitative research activities. The researcher must conclude and verify both in terms of the meaning that the researcher formulated and the truth of the conclusion agreed upon by the subject where the research was conducted.

The Forms of Community Participation
In developing a development, it certainly cannot be separated from community participation. Thus community participation is needed both in planning, implementing, and utilizing the results of development (Gaventa and Valderma in Astuti D., 2009) asserting that community participation has shifted the concept of participation towards a concern with various forms of citizen participation in policy-making and decision making in various key venues that affect the lives of citizens. In development, the community plays a role as a subject and object that has a very important location in the sustainability of development.
According to Isbandi (2007), community participation is community participation in the process of identifying problems and potential that exists in the community, selecting and making decisions about alternative solutions to deal with problems, implementing efforts to overcome problems, and community involvement in the process of evaluating changes that occur.
Community participation is often seen as an inseparable part of community empowerment efforts. According to Mardikanto (2014) that the participation of a person or group of community members in an activity. These forms of participation in their implementation activities certainly require prerequisites, one of which is the element of volunteerism in carrying out such participation, because in carrying out participation means participating in a problem that requires the participation of various groups around him to be able to achieve goals.

a. Participation in Development Planning
It can be concluded that, obtained information on the form of community participation in citizens that in this case shows the level of community participation in contributing opinions is still minimal because the community is not directly involved in making the determination and preparation of development programs. Amirudin (2003) formulated the concept of aspiration containing two meanings, aspiration at the level of ideas and aspirations at the level of structural roles. At the level of ideas, concepts mean many verbal ideas from any level of society. At the level of role in the structure is direct involvement in an activity held by the government.
In the development planning process, decisions are needed that determine the activities that will be carried out to achieve the objectives of the implementation of the development program in Oengkolaki Village, through aspirations and implementation of the Musrenbang to see how far the community has an active role or involvement in the process of formulating and establishing development programs. It can be concluded that community participation in Oengkolaki Village has not been optimal because in the implementation of the Musrenbang the activities are only represented by certain parties, which in the future without the presence of the community will make the development program unable to be achieved as a whole. After all, the community does not know the Preparation process and the ins and outs of the program.

b. Participation in Development Implementation
In the implementation of mutual assistance activities, community participation is a form of community service which means a partnership to achieve the desired results. Where in the activities of mutual assistance will have a positive impact, both in the principle of voluntary, please help, and togetherness among fellow community members. This shows that Oengkolaki Village community participation still needs to be increased to get the desires that are expected in the success of the development, the need for compact cooperation between the government and the community because community awareness cannot arise by itself.
Community participation is giving greater opportunities to the general public to take part in the process of determining actions that will affect their lives. With participation, the community, in general, will have greater control over events that affect their lives, so that they will be able to empower them, especially for weak groups. The form of community participation in participation in Oengkolaki Village in development is said to below. However, people are still not aware of and have their initiatives on the importance of mutual support and supporting their contribution to accelerating development.

c. Participation in Utilizing Development Results
Community understanding is one of the keys that is very important in the success of the development. With the community's understanding in the development process, the government will no longer implement a Top-Down development system but will apply a Bottom-Up system where proposals from the community will be an important input in regional development efforts.
Therefore, members of the community level have the right to participate in enjoying all the results of existing businesses such as utilizing the results of development and participate in maintaining and utilizing the results of development. Community participation in receiving and utilizing in Oengkolaki Village is still relatively lacking in results, this can be seen from the indicators of yield utilization and developing development results.
Maintaining the results of development is an act of community participation which is an expression of a sense of ownership of the development results. If the community gets a good understanding of the benefits of development results, it will also have a good impact to care for the development results later.
Maintaining the results of development means that the community and development officials in Oengkolaki Village can maintain the results of development carried out by the government so that the community wants to preserve and maintain the development that has been carried out to improve the welfare of the community. The benefit-taking in this development must be channeled and felt by the people who participate and cooperate in it.

Push Factors of Participation
According to Deviyanti (2013), there are several factors supporting community participation in a program, the emergence of participation is an expression of human behavior to take action. There are several factors supporting community participation in a program, the emergence of participation is an expression of human behavior to take any action, where the embodiment of the behavior is driven by the existence of two main factors that support, namely (1) awareness; (2) the ability for the community to participate.

a. Awareness
Awareness is conversion, a state of understanding things that are felt or experienced by someone. Participation in a development activity does not just arise but because there is a push for participation. One of them is the community awareness factor itself. Participation in a development activity does not arise simply but because of what drives it to participation. One of them is the community awareness factor itself.

b. Ability
More ability on the effectiveness of the person in doing all kinds of work. This means that ability is the basis of a person doing a job effectively and certainly efficiently. The ability to perform tasks that require energy or stamina in the form of skills, strengths, or similar characteristics. It can be concluded that the community is still lacking confidence with the ability to build their village is very minimal; the community tends to depend on other parties so that participation in development is still lacking.

c. Income
Revenue is very influential for the continuity of a development business, the greater the income obtained, the greater the ability of a business to finance all expenses and activities to be carried out in terms of development. Revenue is generated when the entity has largely completed what was supposed to be done to be entitled to the benefits provided from revenue, i.e. if the process of producing development has been completed. After learning that the educational factor is very influential on community participation in development, the following will also explain how the effect of income in development, particularly in the form of financial contributions. Based on the different income of the people of Oengkolaki Village, it is also possible to participate in different developments.
If the higher a person's income, it is possible for participation in development to be higher too, but if income is unstable or irregular it will prevent people from participating, another reason is obtained by the writer so that the informant rarely or never participates in money because usually the calculation his life is higher when compared to income.

CONCLUSION
The forms of community participation in village development are community participation in the form of absorption of aspirations such as ideas as a form of contributing to development planning (Musrenbang) can be seen in how far the community has an active role or involvement in the process of formulating and establishing development programs.
In the implementation of mutual assistance activities, community participation is a form of community service which means a partnership to achieve the desired results. Where in the activities of mutual assistance will have a positive impact, both in the principle of voluntary, please help, and togetherness among fellow community members. With participation, the community, in general, will have greater control over events that affect their lives, so that they will be able to empower them, especially for weak groups.
Therefore, members of the community level have the right to participate in enjoying all the results of existing businesses such as utilizing the results of development and participate in maintaining and utilizing the results of development. Maintaining the results of development means that the community and development officials in Oengkolaki Village can maintain the results of development carried out by the government so that the community wants to preserve and maintain the development that has been carried out to improve the welfare of the community.