Investigation of Hydraulic Characteristics and Fluid Dynamics in Sand Samples from the Osun River in Osogbo, Nigeria

Afeez Oladeji  Amoo; Suleiman Bashir  Adamu; Adeniyi Olarewaju  Adeleye

doi:10.47540/ijias.v5i1.1605

Authors

Afeez Oladeji Amoo Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria
Suleiman Bashir Adamu Department of Physics, Sule Lamido University, Kafin Hausa, Nigeria
Adeniyi Olarewaju Adeleye Department of Biotechnology, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47540/ijias.v5i1.1605

Keywords:

Fluid Dynamics, Hydraulic Conductivity, Porous Media, Reynolds Number, Water Seepage

Abstract

Understanding the natural flows in porous media with specific hydraulic characteristics is crucial for advancing science and engineering. This study examines the hydraulic properties and fluid dynamics of sand samples collected from eight locations along the Osun River bed at five-meter intervals in November 2023. Significant variations in hydraulic characteristics were identified by comparing the findings with international soil classification standards. The effective grain size ranged from 0.20 mm to 0.32 mm, with most samples between 0.30 mm and 0.31 mm. Sample F had the smallest grain size, indicating finer sand. Flow velocities varied from 1.57 cm/s to 2.41 cm/s, with the highest observed at locations B and E. Flow rates ranged from 1.23 × 10² cm³/s to 1.89 × 10² cm³/s, also highest at B and E. Reynolds numbers ranged from 1.39 × 10⁶ to 8.58 × 10⁶, indicating transitions from laminar to turbulent flow. Friction factors ranged from 7.46 × 10⁶ to 45.85 × 10⁶, with higher values at location A, indicating greater resistance to flow. Hydraulic gradients ranged from 1.09 to 1.83, and hydraulic conductivities were between 1.14 × 10^-² cm/s and 1.43 × 10^-² cm/s, with the highest observed at location A. The results align with recent research showing that coarser sands exhibit higher hydraulic conductivities and flow rates, whereas finer sands demonstrate greater resistance. The study underscores the importance of monitoring friction factors, flow velocity, flow rate, and Reynolds numbers to manage potential environmental hazards and water seepage through dams.

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