The Modernist and the Contemporary: A Graphological – Comparative Analysis of the Selected Poems of Emily Dickinson and Lang Leav
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47540/ijqr.v4i2.1522Keywords:
Comparative Analysis, Emily Dickinson, Graphology, Lang Leav, StylisticsAbstract
The purpose of this study is to conduct a stylistic analysis of the selected poems of Emily Dickinson, a 19th-century poet, and Lang Leav, a contemporary poet, focused on the graphological level of the poems. The researcher selected four poems by Dickinson and Leav as the literary texts to be analyzed. Using comparative stylistic analysis, the study aims to look for the graphological features woven in the poems of Dickinson and Leav. The graphological features in the selected poems were also compared to find any significant similarities and differences between the styles of the two poets considering that they belong to different periods. Lastly, the graphological features were analyzed to know their possible effect on the meaning of the poems. As a result, archaism, eye dialect, unconventional use of em dash and capitalization, inconsistent number of lines in each stanza, and inconsistent number of words in each line were found in the selected poems of Dickinson while Leav's selected poems contain eye dialect, diacritics, minimal use of punctuation, absence of capitalization, italics, and the inconsistent number of words in each line of the poems. It was also revealed that their graphological features have more differences than similarities and the effect of these graphological features in the selected poems is mainly for emphasis and to add to the visual elements of the literary texts.
References
Abood, B. (2008). Archaism as a stylistic marker in selected poems by Edgar Allan Poe. Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals, 69-76.
Adetuyi, C. A., & Patrick, C. A. (2020, December 1). A stylistic analysis of selected Christian religion print advertisement in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State. Romanian Journal of English Studies, 17(1), 81–90.
Ali, A., & Mohammed, S. (2017). A stylistic study of some of Emily Dickinson’s poems. Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals, 9(29), 49-70.
Ali, H., Bhatti, I. A., & Shah, A. H. (2016). Stylistic analysis of the poem “Hope is the thing with feathers”. World Journal of Research and Review, 3(5), 18-21.
Alowonle, F. K. (2016). Resourcefulness of graphology: A stylistic study of three African poems. Marang: Journal of Language and Literature, 27, 39-48.
Ameer, S. (2020). Textual trappings in Emily Dickinson’s selected poems. Opcion, 36(26), 3421-3450.
Anna. (2019, July 10). Punctuation and how it is used in poetry. Retrieved from https://www.customessaymeister.com/blog/punctuation-and-its-use-in-poetry
Annie, L. (2023, September 8). Punctuation in poetry: Verses with symbols. Retrieved from https://essaypro.com/blog/punctuation-in-poetry
Anthony. (2023, May 11). Archaism examples in literature | Sentimental archaism & subversive archaism. Retrieved from https://englishleaflet.com/archaism-examples/
Batool, Z., & Ahmed, M. (2014). Stylistic analysis of “Success is counted sweetest” by Emily Dickinson. European Journal of English Language, Linguistics and Literature, 1, 50-54.
Bentley, A. (2022, May 5). The em dash is the king of all punctuation – and Emily Dickinson is his queen. Retrieved from https://abntly.medium.com/the-em-dash-is-the-king-of-all-punctuation-and-emily-dickinson-is-his-queen-c6c0d7b14de0
Berve, C. (2017, December 11). How to use italics in creative writing: Thoughts, readability, and more. Retrieved from https://www.ignitedinkwriting.com/ignite-your-ink-blog-for-writers/using-italics/2017
Brewer, R. (2021, August 27). Monostich: Poetic forms. Retrieved from https://www.writersdigest.com/write-better-poetry/monostich-poetic-forms
Bubble, D. (2022, January 21). 8 Best fonts for poetry and why it matters. Retrieved from https://creativemarket.com/blog/best-fonts-for-poetry
Dangan, S. (2016). Foregrounding in E.E. Cummings’ your little voice: A stylistic analysis. JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research, 23, 36-45.
Eagleton, T. (1983). Literary theory: An introduction. WordPress, Second Edition. Retrieved from https://mthoyibi.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/literary-theory_an-introduction_terry-eagleton
Edulyte. (2023). Mastering archaism: Comprehensive definition, description, examples & rules. Retrieved from https://www.edulyte.com/english/archaism/
Encyclopaedia Britannica online. (2011). Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/graphology
Esquivel, O. (2019). Exploring the filipinization of the English language in a digital age: An identity apart from other world Englishes. Journal of English as an International Language, 14, 58-72.
Evans, S. (2015). Eye rhymes. Retrieved from http://shaulaevans.com/eye-rhymes/
Fourkiller, A. (2022, January 24). In search of the origins of native American grave houses in Oklahoma. Retrieved from https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/grave-houses-oklahoma
Friedman, J. (2012). A stepping stone of language: Teaching poetry in the fourth grade classroom (Master’s thesis). ProQuest Dissertations and ThesesDatabase.
Gallagher, K. (2022, April 14). What is carmine – and why is it so controversial?. Retrieved from https://www.treehugger.com/what-is-carmine-and-why-is-starbucks-taking-it-out-of-its-products-4868638
Glatch, S. (2022, June 28). Pun intended: A look at pun examples in literature. Retrieved from https://writers.com/pun-examples-in-literature
Gomez-Jimenez, E. (2015). ‘oride lesgo eckshun’: Spelling foregrounding in the experimental poetry of E.E. Cummings. Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics, 24(4), 307-321.
Gomez-Jimenez, E. (2015). An introduction to graphology: Definition, theoretical background and levels of analysis. Miscelánea: A Journal of English and American Studies, 1137-6368, 71-85.
Gomez-Jimenez, E. (2017). Unconventional patterns in the experimental poetry of E.E. Cummings: A stylistic approach to punctuation marks. Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics, 26(3), 191-212.
Goodwin, T. (2023, October 30). All about the aster and the morning glory and their meanings. Retrieved from https://www.almanac.com/september-birth-flowers
Habegger, A. (2023). Emily Dickinson | Biography, poems, death, & facts. In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 24, 2023, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Emily-Dickinson
Halliday, M., McIntosh, A., & Strevens, P. (1964). The linguistic sciences and language teaching. London: Longman.
Huck, C. (2001). Children’s literature in the elementary school. McGraw Hill.
Jakobson, R. (1960). Linguistics and poetics. Max-Planck-Gesellschaft.
Jason, P. (1978). Stanzas and anti-stanzas. College English, 39(6), 738-744.
Johnson, T. (1955). The complete poems of Emily Dickinson. Toronto, Canada: Little, Brown and Company.
Lang, L. (2014). Lullabies. Kansas City, Missouri: Andres McMeel Publishing.
Lang, L. (2016). The universe of us. Kansas City, Missouri: Andrews McMeel Publishing.
Lang, L. (2018). Sea of strangers: Poetry & prose. Kansas City, Missouri: Andrews McMeel Publishing.
Levenston, E. (1992). The stuff of literature: Physical aspects of texts and their relation to literary meaning. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Majewski, J. (2023, June 28). Why do we need to study poetry? Understanding its importance. Retrieved from https://whenyouwrite.com/why-do-we-need-to-study-poetry/
Malinowski, K. (2020, December 18). The argument for white space in poetry – why do we need it?. Retrieved from https://borrowedsolace.com/the-argument-for-white-space-in-poetry-why-do-we-need-it/
Manuel, J. B. (2017). Stylistics analysis on poem “Trees” Joyce Kilmer. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 7(10).
McIntosh, A. (1961). Graphology and meaning. Archivum Linguisticum, 107-120.
McKay, S. (1982). Literature in the ESL classroom. TESOL Quarterly, 16(4), 529-536.
McLeod, D. (2022, October 17). 7 Tips on how to punctuate a poem. Retrieved from https://grammarist.com/punctuation/how-to-punctuate-a-poem/
Nemerov, H. (2023, April 19). Poetry - rhyme, meter, fiction, and metaphor. In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 24, 2023, from https://www.britannica.com/art/poetry
Nordquist, R. (2015). Stylistics (language): Glossary of grammatical and rhetorical terms. Retrieved from http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/stylistics-term.htm
Nordquist, R. (2018, July 17). Definition and examples of colons. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-colon-punctuation-1689868
Nordquist, R. (2019, July 15). Interlanguage definition and examples. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-interlanguage-1691074
Nordquist, R. (2019, June 27). Example of diacritical marks. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-diacritic-mark-1690444
Nordquist, R. (2020, February 12). What is eye dialect?. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/eye-dialect-spelling-term-1690700
Novio, E. (2019, February 28). The paradox of Lang Leav. Retrieved from https://asiatimes.com/2019/02/the-paradox-of-lang-leav/
Pacheco, H. (2006, November 1). Conventions of typography related to traditional poetry. Wonderground – DRS International Conference 2006.
Prahl, A. (2019, November 5). Biography of Emily Dickinson, American poet. In ThoughtCo. Retrieved May 24, 2023, from https://www.thoughtco.com/emily-dickinson-4772610
Qureshi, H. (2015, November 23). How do I love thee? Let me instagram it. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/nov/23/instapoets-instagram-twitter-poetry-lang-leav-rupi-kaur-tyler-knott-gregson?CMP=fb_gu
Samson, K. (2015, April 17). Understanding poetry: The place of punctuation in a poem. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/understanding-poetry-place-punctuation-poem-kukogho-iruesiri-samson
Sidekli, S., & Ozsavli, M. (2019). The improvement of elementary school students’ correct use of punctuation marks: Poetry method. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 11(5), 159-177.
Simonsen, P. (2007). Italic typography and Wordsworth’s later sonnets as visual poetry. Studies in English Literature, 47(4), 863-880.
Simpson, P. (2004). Stylistics: A resource book for students. London, England: Routledge.
Smith, C. (2019, February 27). What Lang Leav, PHL’s most loved (and hated) poet, has taught me about life, writing, and tuning out the negative. Retrieved from https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/686312/what-lang-leav-phl-s-most-loved-and-hated-poet-has-taught-me-about-life-writing-and-tuning-out-th/story/
The Oxford English Dictionary online. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.oed.com.
Trask, L. (1997). Diacritics. In Department of Informatics, University of Sussex. Retrieved from https://www.sussex.ac.uk/informatics/punctuation/misc/diacritics
Voutiritsas, T. (2021, February 23). More than words: How grammar can change your poetry. Retrieved from https://www.readpoetry.com/more-than-words-how-grammar-can-change-your-poetry/
Wales, K. (2014). A dictionary of stylistics (2nd ed.). New York, USA: Routledge.
Weber, M. (2021). How to punctuate a poem. Retrieved from https://penandthepad.com/punctuate-poem-8270701.html
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Hazel Chilion Ogayan, Jefferson Alberto Pedida
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
