Sasi Laut as a Form of Ecological and Economic Intelligence of Indigenous Community in Kei Islands
Keywords:
Ecological Intelligence, Indigenous Community, Sasi LautAbstract
Hawear Met/Tahit or Sasi laut is one of the traditions in Kei Islands, Southeast Maluku Regency, which is a manifestation of the community’s ecological intelligence in preserving the marine ecosystem. Ecological intelligence is a cultural concept that processes require relationships between humans as well as between humans and nature that refer to clear moral and ethical references. Ecological intelligence is closely related to sustainable development as it reflects the sustainability of ecosystems and the socio-economic development of communities. This research aims to investigate how the Sasi Laut tradition as a manifestation of the ecological intelligence of the communities supports sustainable development in Kei Kecil Islands, Southeast Maluku Regency. The research used a qualitative method implemented in Ngilngof and Selayar Village, Kei Kecil Islands. The data collection method was an interview. The result showed that sasi laut is a manifestation of ecological intelligence that functions as an ethical and moral framework that has been rooted for generations in building relationships between humans and between humans and nature. This is the philosophical foundation of the community‘s life and an important element in supporting the development of economic, tourism, social, and environmental aspects of Kei Kecil Islands, Indonesia.
References
Adhuri, D.S. (2013). Selling the Sea, Fishing for Power: A Study of Conflict over Marine Tenure in Kei Islands, Eastern Indonesia. Asia-Pacific Environment Monograph, no. 8. Canberra, Australia: ANU E Press: 217 pp.
Akers, J.F., Yasu´e, M., (2019). Motivational crowding in payments for ecosystem service schemes: a global systematic review. Conserv. Soc. 17 (4), 377–389.
Ananingsih, S. W. (2018). The development of sasi laut in the preservation of sea in Kei Community. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 31, p. 09029). EDP Sciences.
Basri, L. O. A., Aso, L., Momo, A. H., Mudana, I. W., Taena, L., Salniwati, S., ... & Aswati, A. (2017). The values of multicultural education in Munanese traditional culture. Asian Culture and History, 9(1), 33-39.
Bennett, N.J., (2016). Using perceptions as evidence to improve conservation and environmental management. Conserv. Biol. 30 (3), 582–592
Berkes, F., 2007. Community-based conservation in a globalized world. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104 (39), 15188
Berkes F & Folke C. (1998). Linking social end ecological systems. Management practices and social mechanisms for building resilience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Berkes, F., Colding, J., & Folke, C. (2000). Rediscovery of traditional ecological knowledge as adaptive management. Ecological Applications, 10(5), 1251–1262
Betaubun, A. D. S., Laiyanan, S. E. B., Renyaan, D., & Pentury, F. (2019). Persepsi penerapan Sasi Laut di Wilayah Perairan Kepulauan Kei: Upaya Mendukung Keberlanjutan Sumber Daya Laut. Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan, 12(1), 136-144.
Boli, P., Yulianda, F., Damar, A., Soedharma, D., & Kinseng, R. (2014). Benefits of Sasi for conservation of marine resources in Raja Ampat, Papua. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika [Journal of Tropical Forest Management], 20(2),
Bowers CA (2009). Educating for Ecological Intelligence: Practices and Challenges. At http://cabowers.net/CAPress.php.
Bowers, C. A. (2010). Educational reforms that foster ecological intelligence. Teacher Education Quarterly, 37(4), 9–31.
Brook, R. K., & McLachlan, S. M. (2008). Trends and prospects for local knowledge in ecological and conservation research and monitoring. Biodiversity and Conservation, 17, 3501-3512.
Capra, F. (2005). Speaking nature’s language: Principles for sustainability. In M. Stone & Z. Barlow (Eds.), Ecological literacy: Educating our children for a sustainable world (pp. 18–29). San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.
Carr, A., Ruhanen, L., & Whitford, M. (2016). Indigenous peoples and tourism: The challenges and opportunities for sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Special Issue on Sustainable Tourism and Indigenous Peoples, 24(8), 1047–1069.
Cornell, S., Berkhout, F., Tuinstra, W., T`abara, J.D., J¨ager, J., Chabay, I., de Wit, B., Langlais, R., Mills, D., Moll, P., Otto, I.M., Petersen, A., Pohl, C., van Kerkhoff, L., (2013). Opening up knowledge systems for better responses to global environmental change. Environ. Sci. Pol. 28, 60–70.
Creswell JW. (2017). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Fawaid A, Pancasari RK, penerjemah. Yogyakarta (ID): Pustaka Pelajar Yogyakarta.
Dove, M.R., Mathews, A.S., Maxwell, K., Padwe, J., Rademacher, A., (2008). The concept of human agency in contemporary conservation and development. In: Against the Grain: The Vayda Tradition in Human Ecology and Ecological Anthropology, Altamira/Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, pp. 225–251
Durán, R., Farizo, B. A., & Vázquez, M. X. (2015). Conservation of maritime cultural heritage: A discrete choice experiment in a European Atlantic region. Marine Policy, 51, 356–365.
Erb, M. (2015). Sailing to Komodo: Contradictions of tourism and development in Eastern Indonesia. Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 8(2), 143–164.
Fusch, P. I., & Ness, L. R. (2015). Are we there yet? Data saturation in qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 20(9), 1408–1416.
Goleman D (2009). Ecological Intelligence. New York: Broadway Books (abstracted by Center for Ecoliteracy). At http://www.ecoliteracy.org/essays/ecological-intelligence
Harkes, I., & Novaczek, I. (2002). Presence, performance, and institutional resilience of sasi, a traditional management institution in Central Maluku, Indonesia. Ocean & coastal management, 45(4-5), 237-260.
Heisel, S. E., King, E., Lekanta, F., Lemoile, F., Ryan, C., Lemerketo, I., ... & Bruyere, B. (2021). Assessing ecological knowledge, perceived agency, and motivations regarding wildlife and wildlife conservation in Samburu, Kenya. Biological Conservation, 262, 109305.
Hillmer-Pegram, K. (2016). Integrating indigenous values with capitalism through tourism: Alaskan experiences and outstanding issues. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(8–9), 1194–1210.
Hoshino, E., van Putten, E. I., Girsang, W., Resosudarmo, B. P., & Yamazaki, S. (2017). Fishers' perceived objectives of community-based coastal resource management in the Kei Islands, Indonesia. Frontiers in Marine Science, 4, 141.
Jundiani. “Local wisdom in the environmental protection and management,” in International Conference on Industrial Technology for Sustainable Development (ICon-ITSD) 2017. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 175, no. 1, pp.1-5, 2018.
Kato, K. (2018). Debating sustainability in tourism development: Resilience, traditional knowledge and community – A post-disaster perspective. Tourism Planning and Development, 15 (1), 55–67.
Kikiloi, K., Friedlander, A. M., Wilhelm, ‘A, Lewis, N., Quiocho, K., Aila, Jr., W., & Kaho’ohalahala, S. (2017). Papahanaumokuakea: Integrating culture in the design and management of one of the world’s largest marine protected areas. Coastal Management, 45(6), 436–451.
Kissya E. (1994). Managing the Sasi way. Samudra Report, 10/11:11–13.
Kumar, S., & Budin, E. M. (2006). Prevention and management of product recalls in the processed food industry: A case study based on an exporter’s perspective. Technovation, 26(5–6), 739–750.
Kongprasertamorn, K. (2007). Local wisdom, environmental protection and community development: The clam farmers in Tambon Bangkhunsai, Phetchaburi Province, Thailand. Manusya: Journal of Humanities, 10(1), 1-10.
Lonthoir, A., Asba, A. R., Tang, H. M., & Hamdat, S. (2016). Concept" Larvul Ngabal" Settings in Marine Resource Management in Southeast Maluku Kei Islands. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 6(1), 524-530.
Mansoben, J. R. (2003). Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Papua Ditinjau Dari Aspek Budaya (Papuan natural resource conservation viewed from cultural aspect). Jurnal Antropologi (Anthropology Journal), 2(4), 1–12.
McCallum, I. (2005). Ecological intelligence: Rediscovering ourselves in nature. Cape Town: Africa Geographic.
McLeod, E., Szuster, B., & Salm, R. (2009). Sasi and marine conservation in Raja Ampat, Indonesia. Coastal Management, 37(6), 656–676.
Miller, R.M., Rodriguez, J.P., Aniskowicz-Fowler, T., Bambaradeniya, C., Boles, R., Eaton, M.A., Gaerdenfors, U., Keller, V., Molur, S., Walker, S., Pollock, C., (2006). Extinction risk and conservation priorities. Science 313 (5786), 441.
Mugambiwa, S. S. (2021). Integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Entrepreneurship: A Case of Horticulture Farmers in Mutoko District of Zimbabwe. Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI), 2(3), 221-226.
Ningi, A. I. (2022). Data Presentation in Qualitative Research: The Outcomes of the Pattern of Ideas with the Raw Data. International Journal of Qualitative Research, 1(3), 196-200.
Ogar, E., Pecl, G., Mustonen, T., (2020). Science must embrace traditional and indigenous knowledge to solve our biodiversity crisis. One Earth 3, 162–165.
Okur-Berberoglu, E. (2020). An ecological intelligence scale intended for adults. World Futures, 76(3), 133-152.
Oliver, D. G., Serovich, J. M., & Mason, T. L. (2005). Constraints and opportunities with interview transcription: Towards reflection in qualitative research. Social Forces, 84(2), 1273–1289.
Orr, D. W. (2002). The nature of design: Ecology, culture, and human intention. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Pratama, Y., Sariyatun, S., & Joebagio, H. (2017). “The development of means-ends analysis and value clarification technique integration model to explore the local wisdom in historical learning.” Journal of Education and Learning. vol. 11. no. 2. pp. 179-187. 2017.
Rahail, J. P. (1993). Larvul Ngabal: Hukum Adat Kei, Bertahan Menghadapi Arus Perubahan [Larvul Ngabal: The Kei Customary Law, Resistance to Change]. Jakarta: Sejati Foundation.
Reid, R.S., Nkedianye, D., Said, M.Y., Kaelo, D., Neselle, M., Makui, O., Onetu, L., Kiruswa, S., Ole Kamuaro, N., Kristjanson, P., Ogutu, J., BurnSilver, S.B., Goldman, M.J., Boone, R.B., Galvin, K.A., Dickson, N.M., Clark, W.C., (2016). Evolution of models to support community and policy action with science: balancing pastoral livelihoods and wildlife conservation in savannas of East Africa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 113 (17), 4579–4584.
Rudnev, V. (2015). Indigenous knowledge: Searching for a model of sustainable development of humankind. Global Bioethics, 26(2), 46–51.
Shumba, O. (1995). Interaction of traditional socio-cultural variables with instructional ideology and knowledge of the nature of science: A review of the literature with implications for Zimbabwe. Zim. J. Ed. Res., 7: 23- 56.
Shumba, O. (2011). Commons thinking, ecological intelligence and the ethical and moral framework of Ubuntu: An imperative for sustainable development. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 3(3), 84-96.
Skolimowiski H (1990). Reverence for life. In JR Engel and JB Engel (1990) (Eds.). Ethics of environment and development: Global challenge, international response. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona, pp. 97-103.
Sterling, S. (2009). Ecological intelligence in the Handbook of Sustainability Literacy (Chapter 10, pp. 77–83).
Thorburn, C. C. (2000). Changing customary marine resource management practice and institutions: The case of Sasi Lola in the Kei Islands, Indonesia. World Development, 28(8), 1461–1479. (191–194). Oxon: Routledge.
Timisela, N. R., Nanlohy, H., & Dyahapsari, I. (2017). Management Of Sea Resources Based On Local Wisdoms In Conservation Of Island Kei In Maluku Tenggara Regency. COJ (Coastal and Ocean Journal), 1(2), 113-126.
Timoti, P., O’B Lyver, P., Matamua, R., Jones, C.J., Tahi, B.L., (2017). A representation of a Tuawhenua world view guides environmental conservation. Ecol. Soc. 22 (4), 20
Tuhiwai-Smith, L. (2012). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and indigenous peoples. London: Zed Books.
Upe, A., Tenri, A., Sitienei, S. K., Hadara, A., Hak, P., & Syarahil, A. (2022). Zoning System in Biodiversity Conservation and Marine Ecological Sustainability: An Emic Perspective of the Bajo People in Southeast Sulawesi. Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI), 3(3), 279-288.
Wahyuni, S., Syafitri, R., Niko, N., & Ahsan, Z. R. (2023). Affirmation of Traditional Rights and Indigenous Women’s Knowledge on Post-Mining Livelihood in Dompak Island, Riau Islands. Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI), 4(2), 133-141.
Waylen, K.A., Fischer, A., McGowan, P.J., Thirgood, S.J., Milner-Gulland, E.J., (2010). Effect of local cultural context on the success of community-based conservation interventions. Conserv. Biol. 24 (4), 1119–1129.
Zerner C. (1994). Through a green lens: the construction of customary environmental law and community in Indonesia’s Maluku Islands. Law and Society Review, 28(5):1079–122.
