NGO and Waste Management: Learning from Bangladesh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47540/ijcs.v3i1.1386Keywords:
Environment, Municipality, NGO, Waste ManagementAbstract
Waste management is very crucial for the protection of the environment and for keeping living places safe and hygienic. However, this paper tried to explore the exemplify roles of non-government organizations in reducing waste and proper waste management in the municipality area of Bangladesh. This paper was prepared based on qualitative in nature while some KIIs and FGDs were conducted to unveil the impactful roles of NGOs in environment protection through waste management. The paper revealed that NGOs are trying to develop good practices regarding waste management in the municipality area was considered the most polluted and contaminated area compared to other parts of the country. They have funded various types of activities like awareness building activities, practice growing activities, equipment installments like bins, IEC distribution, green club formation, treatment plan establishment, vehicle support for carrying, and disposal points were mentionable. Moreover, people who can play a vital role in waste management, particularly local government representatives and women should be aware. Along with, installing permanent disposal facilities, fixation of waste collection date, developing a market of recycled waste, whistling before collection of waste, bin installation, etc., are needed to make strong the waste management activities in municipality areas of Bangladesh.
References
Abedin, M. A., & Jahiruddin, M. (2015). Waste generation and management in Bangladesh: An overview. Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 1(1), 114-120.
Ahsan, M. Alamgir, M. M. El-Sergany, S. Shams, M. K. Rowshon, N. N. Nik Daud, (2014). Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management System in a Developing Country. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 561935.
Ahsan, N. Ismail, M. M. Rahman. (2013). Municipal solid waste recycling in Malaysia: present scenario and future prospects Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 22(12a), 3654–3664.
Anschütz J, IJgosse J & Scheinberg A. (2004). Putting Integrated Sustainable Waste Management into Practice: Using the ISWM Assessment Methodology as Applied in the UWEP Plus Programme (2001–2003). Gouda, The Netherlands: WASTE.
Arlosoroff S. (1991). Developing countries struggle with waste management policies. Waste Management & Research, (9), 491–494.
Asefi H, Shahparvari S & Chhetri P. (2020). Advances in sustainable integrated solid waste management systems: Lessons learned over the decade 2007–2018 (Review). Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, (63), 2287–2312.
Baird J, Curry R. & Cruz P (2014). An overview of waste crime, its characteristics, and the vulnerability of the EU waste Sector. Waste Management & Research, (32), 97–105.
Barles, S. (2014). History of Waste Management and the Social and Cultural Representations of Waste. In: Agnoletti, M., Neri Serneri, S. (eds). The Basic Environmental History. Environmental History, vol 4. Springer, Cham.
Barnes DKA, Galgani F, Thompson RC, et al. (2009). Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, (364), 1985–1998.
Beall J. (1997). Thoughts on poverty from a South Asian rubbish dump - gender, inequality and household waste. IDS Bulletin, (28), 73–90.
Brunner PH and Fellner J (2007). Setting priorities for waste in developing countries. Waste Management & Research, (25), 234–240.
Bundhoo ZMA (2018). Solid waste management in least developed countries: Current status and challenges faced. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, (20), 1867–1877.
Cahill R, Grimes SM & Wilson DC. (2011). Extended producer responsibility for packaging wastes and WEEE – a comparison of implementation and the role of local authorities across Europe. Waste Management & Research, (29), 455–479.
Campitelli A and Schebek L (2020). How is the performance of waste management systems assessed globally? A systematic review. Journal of Cleaner Production, (272), 122986.
Cao J, Lu B, Chen Y. (2016). Extended producer responsibility system in China improves e-waste recycling: Government policies, enterprise, and public awareness. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, (62), 882–894.
Carpintero-Rogero A and McGilchrist L. (2015). Gender and waste management. Topic Sheet No 15. In: Wilson DC and Carpintero-Rogero A (eds). Global Waste Management Outllook, UNEP and ISWA, op. cit. Osaka: UNEP IETC, pp. 195–199
Carson R (1982). Silent Spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Chang N, Pires A and Martinho G (2011). Empowering systems analysis for solid waste management: Challenges, trends, and perspectives. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, (41), 1449–1530.
Coad A. (2005). Private Sector Involvement in Solid Waste Management: Avoiding Problems and Building on Successes. St Gallen, Switzerland: SKAT.
Cointreau SJ. (2006). Occupational and Environmental Health Issues of Solid Waste Management: Special Emphasis on Middle- and Lower-Income Countries. World Bank Urban Sector Board: Urban Paper 2. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Cook E. & Velis CA (2020). Global Review on Safer End of Engineered Life. Engineering X. London: Royal Academy of Engineering.
Cottom JW, Cook E. & Velis CA. (2023). A local-to-global microplastic pollution emissions inventory and quantification methodology for debris and open burning. Under review.
Cox J, Giorgi S, Sharp V. (2010). Household waste prevention – A review of evidence. Waste Management & Research, (28), 193–219.
Damgaard A, Riber C, Fruergaard T. (2010). Life-cycle-assessment of the historical development of air pollution control and energy recovery in waste incineration. Waste Management, (30), 1244–1250.
Das S, Lee S-H, Kumar P. (2019). Solid waste management: Scope and the challenge of sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, (228), 658–678.
Dias SM & Ogando AC. (2015). Rethinking gender and waste: Exploratory findings from participatory action research in Brazil. Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation, (9), 51–63.
Diaz-Bone H, von Zahn F, Paul J. (2021). Circular Economy as a Cornerstone for Meeting the Goals of the Paris Agreement. A Road Map Towards CE-Smart NDCs. Eschborn, Germany: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH.
Duan H, Huang Q, Wang Q, et al. (2008). Hazardous waste generation and management in China: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, (158), 221–227.
ERL. (1992b). Quantification, characteristics and disposal methods of municipal waste in the community - technical and economic aspects. Report by Environmental Resources Limited (ERL). Brussels: Commission of the European Communities.
FAO. (2013). Food Wastage Footprint: Impacts on Natural Resources. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Ferronato N. & Torretta V. (2019). Waste mismanagement in developing countries: A review of global issues. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, (16), 1060.
Finneviden G, Bjorklund A, Moberg A. (2007). Environmental and economic assessment methods for waste management decision support: Possibilities and limitations. Waste Management & Research, (25), 263–269.
GA Circular. (2020). Safeguarding the plastic recycling value Chain: Insights from Covid-19 impact in South and Southeast Asia. Available at: http:// pemsea.org/publications/brochures-and-infographics/safeguarding-plastic-recycling-value-chain-insights-covid-19
Geyer R, Jambeck J. & Law K. (2017). Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Science Advances, (3), 1700782.
GIZ and LafrageHolcim. (2020). Guidelines on pre- and co-processing of waste in cement production – use of waste as alternative fuel and raw material. 2nd edition. 3 volumes: Main report, summary, assessment matrix.
Godfrey L. (2019). Waste plastic, the challenge facing developing countries— ban it, change it, collect it? Recycling, (4), 3.
Godfrey L. & Oelofse S. (2017). Historical review of waste management and recycling in South Africa. Resources, (6), 5.
Gómez-Sanabria A, Kiesewetter G, Klimont Z. (2022). Potential for future reductions of global GHG and air pollutants from circular waste management systems. Nature Communications, (13), 106.
GRID-Arendal. (2022). A seat at the table: The role of the informal recycling sector in plastic pollution reduction, and recommended policy changes. Partners: USAID, clean cities, WIEGO & ISWA women of waste task force. Funding: Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation.
Guo N, Wilson DC & Bell JNB. (2005). A tale of two cities: Waste management in Beijing and London. Waste Management World, (November– December), 73–79.
Hardin G. (1968) The tragedy of the commons: The population problem has no technical solution; it requires a fundamental extension in morality. Science, (162), 1243–1248.
Hoornweg D, Bhada-Tata P & Kennedy C. (2013). Waste production must peak this century. Nature, (502), 615–617.
Hoornweg D, Bhada-Tata P and Kennedy C. (2015). Peak waste: When is it likely to occur? Journal of Industrial Ecology, (19), 117–128.
Iacovidou E, Hahladakis J and Purnell P (2021). A systems thinking approach to understanding the challenges of achieving the circular economy. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, (28), 1–47.
Iacovidou E, Millward-Hopkins J, Busch J, et al (2017). A pathway to circular economy: Developing a conceptual framework for complex value assessment of resources recovered from waste. Journal of Cleaner Production, (168), 1279–1288.
Ihsanullah I, Alam G, Jamal A, et al. (2022). Recent advances in applications of artificial intelligence in solid waste management: A review. Chemosphere, (309), 136631.
IPCC. (2013). Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (editors Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner G-K, et al., pp. 1535). Cambridge, UK and New York, USA: Cambridge University Press.
Islam, Sirajul. (2021). ASEFSU23 Background Paper – Urban Waste Management in Bangladesh: An Overview with a Focus on Dhaka.
ISWA WGHW. (1991). Safe Hazardous Waste Management Systems - A Stateof-the-Art Guide for Decision Makers, 1st edn. Working Group Report Series 1991. Copenhagen/Vienna: International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), 76.
ISWA WGHW. (2002). Safe Hazardous Waste Management Systems - A State-of-the-Art Guide for Decision Makers, 2nd edn. Series 2002. Silver Springs MD/Washington DC: The USA/Canadian International Solid Waste Management Federation, 63.
Jambeck JR, Geyer R, Wilcox C, et al. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science, (347), 768–770.
Kabera T, Wilson DC. & Nishimwe H. (2019). Benchmarking performance of solid waste management and recycling systems in East Africa: Comparing Kigali Rwanda with other major cities. Waste Management & Research, (37), 58–72.
Kanwal Q, Zeng X & Li J. (2022). Drivers-pressures-state-impact-response framework of hazardous waste management in China. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, (52), 2930–2961.
Karak T, Bhagat RM & Bhattacharyya P. (2012). Municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management: The world scenario. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, (42), 1509–1630
Kenny C. & Priyadarshini A. (2021). Review of current healthcare waste management methods and their effect on global health. Healthcare, (9), 28.
Kleis H. & Dalager S. (2004). 100 Years of Waste Incineration in Denmark - from Refuse Destruction Plants to High-Technology Energy Works. Copenhagen: Babcock and Wilcox Volund and Ramboll.
Kodros JK, Wiedinmyer C, Ford B. (2016). Global burden of mortalities due to chronic exposure to ambient PM2.5 from open combustion of domestic waste. Environmental Research Letters, (11), 4022.
Kossoff D, Dubbin W, Alfredsson M. (2014). Mine tailings dams: Characteristics, failure, environmental impacts, and remediation. A review. Applied Geochemistry, (51), 229–245.
Kuhn R & Ballard K. (1998). Canadian innovations in siting hazardous waste management facilities. Environmental Management, (22), 533–545
LaGrega MD, Buckingham PL, Evans JC. (1994). Hazardous Waste Management. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Lau WWY, Shiran Y, Bailey R, (2020). Evaluating scenarios toward zero plastic pollution. Science, (369), 1455–1461.
Liang Y, Song Q, Wu N. (2021). Repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on solid waste generation and management strategies. Frontiers of Environmental Science and Engineering, (15), 115.
Louis GE. (2004). A historical context of municipal solid waste management in the United States. Waste Management & Research, (22), 306–322.
M. A. A. Samah, L. A. Manaf, A. Ahsan, W. N. A. Sulaiman, P. Agamuthu, and J. L. D’Silva, (2013). Household solid waste composition in Balakong City, Malaysia: trend and management. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 22(6), 1807–1816.
M. A. A. Samah, L. A. Manaf, P. Agamuthu, W. N. A. Sulaiman & A. Ahsan. (2013). Real data composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Balakong, Selangor, Malaysia. Life Science Journal, 104), 1687–1694.
M. Alamgir, C. McDonald, K. E. Roehl, & A. Ahsan. (2005). Eds., Integrated Management and Safe Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste in Least Developed Asian Countries: A Feasibility Study, Waste Safe Publication, Khulna, Bangladesh.
Mahyari KF, Sun Q, Klemeš JJ. (2022). To what extent do waste management strategies need adaptation to post-Covid-19? Science of The Total Environment, (837), 155829.
Manggali AA. & Susanna D. (2019). Current management of household hazardous waste (HHW) in the Asian region. Reviews on Environmental Health, (34), 415–426.
Matter A, Dietschi M. & Zurbrügg C. (2013). Improving the informal recycling sector through segregation of waste in the household – The case of Dhaka Bangladesh. Habitat International, (38),150–156.
McQuaid-Cook J. & Simons CS. (1989). Development and operation of a waste management system in Alberta, Canada. Waste Management & Research, (7), 219–227.
Mebratu D. & Mbandi A. (2022). Open burning of Waste in Africa: Challenges and opportunities. A report for United Nations High Level Champions and Engineering X. London: Engineering X.
Mundus Maris. (2017). KfW’s development finance forum 2017: Ocean’s 21. Available at: https://www.mundusmaris.org/index.php/en/review/ other/1840-kfw-en.
Muposhi A. & Mpinganjira MWM. (2022). Considerations, benefits and unintended consequences of banning plastic shopping bags for environmental sustainability: A systematic literature review. Waste Management and Research, (40), 248–261.
NI DoE. (2000). Waste Management Strategy for Northern Ireland. The Department of the Environment, 1st edn. Belfast: The Staionery Office.
Nyathi B. & Togo C. (2020). Overview of legal and policy framework approaches for plastic bag waste management in African countries. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, (2020), 8892773.
OECD. (2002). Household energy & water consumption and waste generation: Trends, environmental impacts and policy responses. Working party on national environmental policy, sector case studies series. Report no. ENV/EPOC/WPNEP (2001)15/FINAL. Paris: OECD. Available at: https://one.oecd.org/document/ENV/EPOC/WPNEP(2001)15/FINAL/ en/pdf
OECD. (2022a). Global Plastics Outlook: Economic Drivers, Environmental Impacts and Policy Options. Paris: OECD Publishing.
OECD. (2022b). Global Plastics Outlook: Policy Scenarios to 2060. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Available at: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/aa1edf33-en/index.html? itemId=/content/publication/aa1edf33-en
Pew and Systemiq. (2020). Breaking the plastic wave - a comprehensive assessment of pathways towards stopping plastic pollution. Report prepared by the Pew Environmental Trusts and Systemiq, with Univ of Oxford, Univ of Leeds, Ellen MacArthur Foundation and Common Seas. Available at: https://www.pewtrusts.org/-/media/assets/2020/07/breakingtheplasticwave_report.pdf
Pfaff-Simoneit W. (2023). Enhancing Labor-Intensive Separate Waste Collection and Utilization in the APEC Economies. Implementation Guide. Singapore: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (for the APEC Ocean and Fisheries Working Group).
Pojasek R. (1986). Hazardous waste treatment technologies. Hazardous Substances, (1), 8–11.
Powrie W, Velis C, Cook E. (2021). Open uncontrolled burning of solid waste undermines human health: Time to act. Waste Management & Research, (39), 1–2.
Rabe BG. (1992). When siting works, Canada-style. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, (17), 119–142.
Ramadan BS, Rachman I, Ikhlas N. (2022). A comprehensive review of domestic-open waste burning: Recent trends, methodology comparison, and factors assessment. Journal of Materials Cycles and Waste Managements, (24), 1633–1647.
Rapid Transition (2019). The Attenborough effect and the downfall of plastics. Available at: https://www.rapidtransition.org/stories/the-attenborougheffect-and-the-downfall-of-plastics
Read A, Wilson DC. & Olley J. (2005). Building local municipal capacity for strategic waste management decision making in developing countries. In: Proceedings Sardinia 2005, Tenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, Sardinia, 3–7 October 2005, Session D15. Padua, Italy: CISA - Environmental Sanitary Engineering Centre.
Rochman C, Browne M, Halpern B, et al. (2013). Classify plastic waste as hazardous. Nature, (494), 169–171.
Rodic L. (2015). Waste governance. In: Wilson DC and Carpintero-Rogero A (eds) Global Waste Management Outlook. Osaka: UNEP IETC,
Rodic L. & Wilson DC. (2017). Resolving governance issues to achieve priority SDGs related to solid waste management. Sustainability, (9), 404.
Saikawa E, Wu Q, Zhong M. (2020). Garbage burning in South Asia: How important is it to regional air quality? Environmental Science & Technology, (54), 9928–9938.
Savino AA. (2009). Providing the scientific and practical background for greenhouse gas mitigation in waste management. Waste Management & Research, (27), 693.
Scheinberg A, Simpson M, Gupt Y. (2010a). Economic Aspects of the Informal Sector in Solid Waste Management. Eschborn, Germany: GTZ and CWG.
Schübeler P. (1996). Conceptual framework for municipal solid waste management in low-income countries. UMP/SDC Collabora on Municipal Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries. Urban Management Programme (UMP) Working Paper Series, Number 9. St Gallen, Switzerland: SKAT.
Seager J, Rucevska I. & Schoolmeester T. (2020). Gender in the modernisation of waste management: Key lessons from fieldwork in Bhutan, Mongolia, and Nepal. Gender & Development, (28), 551–569.
Shamsuddoha, Mohammad, Solid Waste Management in Bangladesh (July 16, 2009). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1434967 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1434967
Singh E, Kumar A, Mishra R. (2022). Solid waste management during Covid-19 pandemic: Recovery techniques and responses. Chemosphere, (288), 132451
Soos R, Whiteman AD, Wilson DC. (2014). Operator Models – Understanding Local Objectives: Respecting Diversity. In the series: Concepts for Sustainable Waste Management. Eschborn: GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH). Available via GIZ publications.
Soos R, Whiteman AD, Wilson DC. (2017). Operator models for delivering municipal solid waste management services in developing countries. Part B. decision support. Waste Management & Research, (35), 842–862.
Steffen W, Broadgate W, Deutsch L. (2015). The trajectory of the Anthropocene: The great acceleration. The Anthropocene Review, (2), 81–98.
Strasser S. (1999). Waste and Want - A Social History of Trash. New York: Owl Books, Henry Holt.
Su P, Zhang J & Yang B. (2022). The current status of hazardous waste management in China: Identification, distribution, and treatment. Environmental Engineering Science, (39), 81–97.
The World Bank. (2020). Urban Population – Bangladesh. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL?locations=BD
Townend WK, Cheeseman C, Edgar J. (2009). Factors driving the development of healthcare waste management in the United Kingdom over the past 60 years. Waste Management & Research, (27), 362–373.
UK Defra (2022). Consultation on the introduction of mandatory digital waste tracking. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs Northern Ireland (DAERA-NI), Scottish Government, Welsh Government.
UK DoE. (1971). Refuse Disposal. Report of the Working Party on Refuse Disposal (known after the Chair as the ‘Sumner Report’), for the UK Department of the Environment. London: HMSO.
UN Population. (2018). World Urbanization Prospects 2018 Edition. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
UN Population. (2022). World Population Prospects 2022 Online edition. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
UNEA. (2022a). End plastic pollution: towards an international legally binding instrument. Resolution 5/14 adopted by the United Nations Environment Assembly of UNEP, Session 5.2 (UNEA-5).
UNEA. (2022b). Science-policy Panel to Contribute Further to the Sound Management of Chemicals and Waste and to Prevent Pollution. Resolution 5/8 of the UN Environment Assembly of UNEP, Session 5.2 (UNEA-5), 2 March 2022.
UNEP. (2022). From Science to Action under the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm conventions. Secretariat of the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions. Geneva: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
UNEP & ISWA. (2015). Global Waste Management Outlook (GWMO). Eds: D. C. Wilson & A. Carpintero-Rogero. Osaka: UNEP IETC. Main report.
UN-Habitat. (2021a). Waste Wise Cities Tool: Step-by-Step Guide to Assess a City’s MSWM Performance through SDG indicator 11.6.1 Monitoring. Prepared by Takeuchi, N, Whiteman AD, Zabaletta, I.; and Velis, C. (UN Habitat, Waste aware, EAWAG and University of Leeds). Nairobi: UN-Habitat.
UN-Habitat and NIVA. (2022). Leaving no one behind: How a global instrument to end plastic pollution can enable a just transition for the people informally collecting & recovering waste. NIVA: Norwegian Institute for Water Research. Funds: Norwegian Ministry of Climate & Environment.
US EPA. (1989). Decision-Maker’s Guide to Solid Waste Management. 2nd edn, vol 1. Report No. EPA/530-SW-89-072. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency.
US EPA. (1995). Decision-Maker’s Guide to Solid Waste Management. 2nd edn, vol 2. Report No. EPA/530-R-95-023. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency.
Van de Klundert A & Anschütz J. (2001). Integrated sustainable waste management - the concept. In: Scheinberg A (ed.) Integrated Sustainable Waste Management: Tools for Decision-Makers, Set of Five Tools for Decisionmakers - Experiences from the Urban Waste Expertise Programme (1995-2001). Gouda, The Netherlands: WASTE.
Velis CA. (2022). Plastic pollution global treaty to cover waste pickers and open burning? Waste Management & Research, (40), 1–2.
Velis CA. & Cook E. (2021). Mismanagement of plastic waste through open burning with emphasis on the Global South: A systematic review of risks to occupational and public health. Environmental Science & Technology, (55), 7186–7207.
Velis CA. & Cook E. (2021). Mismanagement of plastic waste through open burning with emphasis on the Global South: A systematic review of risks to occupational and public health. Environmental Science & Technology, (55), 7186–7207.
Velis CA. & Mavropoulos A. (2016). Unsound waste management and public health: The neglected link? Waste Management & Research, (34), 277–279.
Velis CA, Lerpiniere D & Tsakona M. (2017). Prevent Marine Plastic Litter - Now! ISWA Marine Task Force Report. Vienna: International Solid Wastes Association (ISWA).
Velis CA, Wilson DC, Gavish Y. (2023). Socio-economic development drives solid waste management performance in cities: A global analysis using machine learning. Science of the Total Environment, (872), 161913.
Welivita I, Wattage P & Gunawardena P. (2015). Review of household solid waste charges for developing countries - A focus on quantity-based charge methods. Waste Management, (46), 637–645.
Whiteman A, Smith P. & Wilson DC. (2001). Waste management: An indicator of urban governance. Paper prepared for the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and submitted by DFID to the UN-Habitat Global Conference on Urban Development, New York, June 2001.
Whiteman A, Webster M. & Wilson DC. (2021). The nine development bands: A conceptual framework and global theory for waste and development. Waste Management & Research, (39), 1218–1236.
WHO. (1999). Safe Management of Wastes from Health-Care Facilities, 1st edn. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO and UNEP. (1983). Management of Hazardous Waste - Policy Guidelines and Code of Practice. Edited by M.J. Suess and J.W. Huismans. WHO Regional Publications European Series No. 14. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
Wilson DC. (1979a). Recent developments in the management of hazardous wastes. In: Porteous A (ed.) Developments in Environmental Control and Public Health - 1. Barking, Essex: Applied Science Publishers.
Wilson DC. (1981). Waste Management - Planning, Evaluation, Technologies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wilson DC. (1982a). The management of hazardous waste. Chemistry in Britain, October, pp. 720–729.
Wilson DC. (1996). Stick or carrot? The use of policy measures to move waste management up the hierarchy. Waste Management & Research, (14), 385–398.
Wilson DC. (1999b). International Perspectives in Hazardous Waste Management: 1999 Edition. Prepared on behalf of the ISWA Working Group on Hazardous Waste.
Wilson DC. (2007). Development drivers for waste management. Waste Management & Research, (25), 198–207.
Wilson DC. (2018a). Hazardous waste – Plus ça Change. CIWM Journal, August: 16–17.
Wilson DC. (2018b). Charge! CIWM Journal, September: 18–21. Available at: https://davidcwilson.com/resource-and-waste-management/payingforhousehold-waste-services-charge/
Wilson DC. (2018b). Charge! CIWM Journal, September: 18–21. Available at: https://davidcwilson.com/resource-and-waste-management/payingforhousehold-waste-services-charge/
Wilson DC. & Forester WS. (1987). Summary and analysis of hazardous waste management in ISWA countries. In: Forester WS and Skinnner JH (eds) International Perspectives on Hazardous Waste Management. A Report from the ISWA Working Group on Hazardous Wastes. London: Academic Press,
Wilson DC. & Smith R. (2005). The hazwaste dilemma - How the UK is coping with the demise of co-disposal. Waste Management World, September–October, 64–69.
Wilson DC. & Velis CA. (2015). Waste management - still a global challenge in the 21st century - An evidence-based call to action. Waste Management & Research, (33), 1049–1051.
Wilson DC, Kangojera JB, Soos R. (2017). Operator models for delivering municipal solid waste management services in developing countries. Part A: The evidence base. Waste Management & Research, (35), 820–841.
Wilson DC, Reyna-Bensusan N and Pfaff-Simoneit W (2015c). Topic sheet 1: Waste and climate. In: Wilson DC and Carpintero-Rogero A (eds) Global Waste Management Outlook. Nairobi: UNEP.
Wilson DC, Rodic L, Cowing MJ. (2015b). ‘Wasteaware’ Benchmark Indicators User Manual. Sofia: Wasteaware. 1st edition published as supplementary material to Wilson et al. (2015a), available at: https:// ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0956053X14004905-mmc1.pdf
Wilson DC, Velis CA & Rodic L. (2013). Integrated sustainable waste management in developing countries. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Waste and Resource Management, (166), 1–18.
Wilson DC, Whiteman A. & Tormin A. (2000). Strategic planning guide for municipal solid waste management. Prepared for the World Bank. Available at: https://rwm.global/ (Click on ‘Tools’ and ‘Strategic Planning Guide’).
Wilson, David C. (2023). Learning from the past to plan for the future: An historical review of the evolution of waste and resource management 1970–2020 and reflections on priorities 2020–2030 – The perspective of an involved witness. Waste Management & Research 2023, 41(12) 1754–1813.
Wittmer J. (2022). Dirty work in the clean city: An embodied Urban political ecology of women informal recyclers’ work in the ‘clean city’. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, (6), 1343–1365.
World Bank Group. (2018). Municipal Solid Waste Management - A Roadmap for Reform for Policy Makers. Prepared by the World Bank and Tokyo Development Learning Centre. Washington, DC: World Bank.
World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who. int/publications/i/item/9789241548564
WRAP. (2021). Net zero: Why resource efficiency holds the answers - our eight priorities to achieving net zero. WRAP and Centre for Research into Energy Demand Solutions (CREDS) at the University of Leeds.
WRAP (2022). Gate Fees 2021/22 Report - Comparing the Costs of Alternative Waste Treatment Options. Banbury, UK: WRAP.
Xevgenos D, Papadaskalopoulou C, Panaretou V, et al., (2015). Success stories for recycling of MSW at municipal level: A review. Waste and Biomass Valorization, (6), 657–684.
Zhu X & Rochman C. (2022). Emissions inventories of plastic pollution: A critical foundation of an international agreement to inform targets and quantify progress. Environmental Science & Technology, (56), 3309– 3312.
Zurbrügg C, Caniato M. & Vaccari M. (2014). How assessment methods can support solid waste management in developing countries - a critical review. Sustainability, (6), 545–570.
Bagui, B. E., & Arellano, L. R. A. C. . (2021). Zero Waste Store: A Way to Promote Environment-friendly Living. International Journal of Qualitative Research, 1(2), 150-155.
Oluwagbayide, S. D., Abulude, F. O., Akinnusotu, A., & Arifalo, K. M. (2024). The Relationship between Waste Management Practices and Human Health: New Perspective and Consequences. Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS), 4(1), 19-34.
Bimmoy, E. D. (2022). Interrelationship of Food Wastage and Sustainable Development: A Review. International Journal of Qualitative Research, 1(3), 228-232.
Coracero, E. E., Gallego, R. J., Frago, K. J. M., & Gonzales, R. J. R. (2021). A Long-Standing Problem: A Review on the Solid Waste Management in the Philippines. Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI), 2(3), 213-220.
Ahmed, N. (2019, October 7). When the garbage piles up. The Daily Star. Retrieved from https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/environment/news/when-the-garbage-piles-1810375
Commercial Zone (Retrieved on 30.12.2023). available at- https://www.commercialzone.com/a-brief-history-of-waste-management/#:~:text=Ancient%20Times,bronze%20to%20be%20used%20later.
Dhaka Tribune. (2020a, September 9). Waste: the next solvable problem. Dhaka Tribune.