Detection of Chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb) in Marine Sediments and its Bioaccumulation in Holothuria leucospilota (Sea Cucumber) in Jasaan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines

Clariza Nagac; Juan Carlo Jardin; Eduard Salem; Mae Oljae Canencia-Badilla

doi:10.47540/ijsei.v5i1.1191

Authors

Clariza Nagac Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, Philippines
Juan Carlo Jardin Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, Philippines
Eduard Salem Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, Philippines
Mae Oljae Canencia-Badilla Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, Philippines

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v5i1.1191

Keywords:

bioaccumulation, H. leucospilota, heavy metals, marine sediments

Abstract

Sea cucumber inhabits shallow waters of the coastal area. Consequently, these organisms are vulnerable to heavy metals through food consumption and direct exposure to sediments, considering that they are filter-feeding and bottom-dwelling organisms. Holothuria. leucospilota, locally known as “balat” is used as a bioindicator to measure environmental pollution in this study. The analysis of Cr and Pb were administered in the sediments and the body wall of H. leucospilota from residential and commercial areas along the coastal area of Jasaan, Misamis Oriental. Cr and Pb concentrations were determined using the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method for sediments and the Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GFAAS) method for H. leucospilota. Results of the concentration of heavy metals in the sediments and body wall of H. leucospilota revealed that Cr>Pb while Pb>Cr in residential and commercial areas, respectively. The results of Cr and Pb concentration in the body wall of H. leucospilota were compared to the standard set by WHO/EPA and CODEX. Thus, H. leucospilota collected in the areas exceeded the permissible limit for Cr while Pb in H. leucospilota recorded below the permissible limit. Hence, this implies that this type of food is not safe for food intake and therefore, not recommended for human consumption.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmed, Q., Mohammad Ali, Q., & Bat, L. (2017). Assessment of heavy metals concentration in holothurians, sediments and water samples from coastal areas of Pakistan (Northern Arabian Sea). Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 5(5), 191–201.

Asif, M., Bushra Sharf, & Saqaina Anwar. (2020). Effect of Heavy Metals Emissions on Ecosystem of Pakistan. Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI), 1(3), 160-173.

Aydın, M., Tunca, E., & Alver Sahin, Ü. (2017). Effects of anthropological factors on the metal accumulation profiles of sea cucumbers in near industrial and residential coastlines of Izmir, Turkey. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 97(4), 368–382.

Boxberg, F. (2017). Anthropogenic input of heavy metals to near-coastal sediment depocenters in the eastern North Sea and the Hauraki Gulf in historical times. PhD Thesis.

Chakraborty, S., Bhattacharya, T., Singh, G., & Maity, J. P. (2014). Benthic macroalgae as biological indicators of heavy metal pollution in the marine environments: A biomonitoring approach for pollution assessment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 100(1), 61–68.

De Flora, S., Camoirano, A., Micale, R.T., La Maestra, S., Savarino, V., Zentilin, P., Proctor, D. M. (2016). Reduction of hexavalent chromium by fasted and fed human gastric fluid. I. Chemical reduction and mitigation of mutagenicity. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 306,113–119.

Dong, C. D., Chen, C. W., & Chen, C. F. (2013). Distribution and contamination status of chromium in surface sediments of northern kaohsiung harbor, Taiwan. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), 25(7), 1450–1457.

Elvira, M. V., Garcia, C. M., Calomot, N. H., Seronay, R. A., & Jumawan, J. C. (2016). Heavy metal concentration in sediments and muscles of mud clam Polymesoda erosa in Butuan Bay, Philippines. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES), 9(3), 47–56.

Fu, F., & Wang, Q. (2011). Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: A review. Journal of Environmental Management. Academic Press.

Givianrad, M. H., Larijani, K., Jamili, S., & Adeli, B. (2014). Assessment of heavy metals by ligand-less cloud point extraction in sediment and Holothuria parva (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea). Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 43(5), 825-830.

Green, M. O., & Coco, G. (2014). Review of wave-driven sediment resuspension and transport in estuaries. Reviews of Geophysics. American Geophysical Union.

Hashmi, M. I., Thilakar, R., Ali, M., Hussein, S., & Hoque, Z. (2014). Determination of seven heavy metals in eight species of sea cucumbers. Science International, (Lahore), 26(1), 261 262.

Jinadasa, B. K. K. K., Samanthi, R. I., and Wicramsinghe, I. (2014). Trace Metal Accumulation in Tissue of Sea Cucumber Species; North-Western Sea of Sri Lanka. American Journal of Public Health Research, 2(5A), 15.

Jinadasa, B. K. K. K., Samanthi, R. I., and Wicramsinghe, I. (2014). Trace Metal Accumulation in Tissue of Sea Cucumber Species; North-Western Sea of Sri Lanka. American Journal of Public Health Research, 2(5A), 1–5.

Katagi, T. (2010). Bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and metabolism of pesticides in aquatic organisms. Review of Environmental Contaminatio and Toxicology, 204, 1-132.

Li, H., Kang, X., Li, X., Li, Q., Song, J., Jiao, N., & Zhang, Y. (2017). Heavy metals in surface sediments along the Weihai coast, China: Distribution, sources and contamination assessment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 115 (1–2), 551–558.

Mahu, E., Nyarko, E., Hulme, S., & Coale, K. H. (2015). Distribution and enrichment of trace metals in marine sediments from the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic, off the Coast of Ghana in the Gulf of Guinea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 98(1-2), 301–307.

Pan, K., & Wang, W. X. (2012). Trace metal contamination in estuarine and coastal environments in China. Science of the Total Environment, (421-422), 3-16.

Ra, K., Kim, J. K., Hong, S. H., Yim, U. H., Shim, W. J., Lee, S. Y., Kim, K. T. (2014). Assessment of pollution and ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Ulsan Bay, Korea. Ocean Science Journal, 49(3), 279–289.

Remeikaite-Nikiene, N., Garnaga-Budre, G., Lujaniene, G., Jokšas, K., Stankevicius, A., Malejevas, V., & Bariseviciute, R. (2018). Distribution of metals and extent of contamination in sediments from the south-eastern Baltic Sea (Lithuanian zone). Oceanologia, 60(2), 193–206.

Siddika, A., & Parveen, Z. . (2022). Heavy Metal Remediation from Contaminated Soil Using Biochars and Modified Biochars: A Review. Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI), 3(1), 19-28.

Spanopoulos-Zarco, P., Ruelas-Inzunza, J.,Meza-Montenegro, M., Osuna Sánchez, K., & Amezcua-Martínez, F. (2014). Health risk assessment from mercury levels in bycatch fish species from the coasts of guerrero, mexico (Eastern Pacific). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 93(3), 334–338.

Talabi, A. T., Odunaike, R. K., & Ajiboye, O. (2023). Studies of Contaminant Factors of Heavy Metals Content in Subsistence Farmlands at Akinyele Local Area in Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria Using Geochemical Indices. Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI), 4(1), 89-99.

Tandon, S. K., Chatterjee, M., Bhargava, A., Shukla, V., & Bihari, V. (2001). Lead poisoning in Indian silver refiners. Science of the Total Environment, 281(1–3), 177–182.

Tchounwou, P. B., Yedjou, C. G., Patlolla, A. K., & Sutton, D. J. (2012). Heavy Metal Toxicity and the Environment. Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology. Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology. Volume 3: Environmental Toxicology. Springer.

Tripathi, I., Simul Bhuyan, M., & Tiwari, S. (2012). Lead Pollution – An Overview. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences (1), 84–86.

van Maren, D. S., van Kessel, T., Cronin, K., & Sittoni, L. (2015). The impact of channel deepening and dredging on estuarine sediment concentration. Continental Shelf Research, 95, 1-14

Walker, T. R., Adebambo, O., Del Aguila Feijoo, M. C., Elhaimer, E., Hossain, T., Edwards, S. J., Zomorodi, S. (2018). Environmental effects of marine transportation. In World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation Volume III: Ecological Issues and Environmental Impacts (pp. 505–530).

Wang, S., & Choi, J. H. (2013). Simulating fate and transport of chromium in saturated sediments. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 37(1–2), 102–111.

Warnau M, Dutrieux S, Ledent G, Rodriguez Y, Baena AM and Dúbois P. (2006). Heavy Metals in the Sea Cucumber Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) from the Mediterranean Posidonia Oceanica Ecosystem: Body Compartment, Seasonal, Geographical and Bathymetric Variations. Environmental Bioindicators, 1(4), 268–285

Warnau, M., Dutrieux, S., Dúbois, P., Ledent, G., & Rodriguez y Baena, A. M. (2006). Heavy metals in the sea cucumber holothuria tubulosa (echinodermata) from the Mediterranean Posidonia Oceanic ecosystem: Body compartment, seasonal, geographical and Bathymetric variations. Environmental Bioindicators, 1(4), 268-285.

Yu, M. H., Tsunoda, H., & Tsunoda, M. (2016). Environmental Toxicology: Biological and Health Effects of Pollutants, Third Edition. Environmental Toxicology: Biological and Health Effects of Pollutants, Third Edition (pp. 1–349). CRC Press.

Yu, R., Zhang, W., Hu, G., Lin, C., & Yang, Q. (2016). Heavy metal pollution and Pb isotopic tracing in the intertidal surface sediments of Quanzhou Bay, southeast coast of China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 105(1), 416–421.

Zhang, X. H., Zhang, X., Wang, X. C., Jin, L. F., Yang, Z. P., Jiang, C. X., Zhu, Y. M. (2011). Chronic occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium causes DNA damage in electroplating workers. BMC Public Health, 11.

Zohdi, H., Emami, M., & Reza, H. (2012). Galvanic Corrosion Behavior of Dental Alloys. In Environmental and Industrial Corrosion- Practical and Theoretical Aspects. InTech.