Comparison of Woody Species Diversity and Soil Organic Carbon in Coffee-Based Forests and Natural Forests in Ethiopia

Dereje  Egeta; Semaigzer  Ayalew

doi:10.47540/ijsei.v6i1.1447

Authors

Dereje Egeta Ethiopian Forestry Development, Jimma Center, Ethiopia
Semaigzer Ayalew Ethiopian Forestry Development, Bahir Dar Center, Ethiopia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v6i1.1447

Keywords:

Forest with Coffee, Growth Form, Moist Afromontane Forest, Regeneration, Species Richness

Abstract

Ethiopia is the origin of coffee arabica, which grows in moist Afromontane forests. Today, the expansion of coffee production to adjacent natural forests is high. The current study aims to compare species diversity, richness, regeneration, and soil physico-chemical properties of forests without and with coffee for conservation. A result showed that Forests without coffee have better mean species richness (45.86), Shannon wiener diversity index (2.69), Evenness (0.85), and Simpson (2.94) than forests with coffee. Forests without coffee had a higher percentage of soil carbon storage (mean 147.18) than forests with coffee (Mean 120.25). Forests without coffee are better for all comparisons. Documentation of woody species will be required for both systems for immediate conservation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abera, T., & Bekele, L. (2019). Soil bulk density, soil moisture content and yield of Tef (Eragrostis tef) influenced by Acacia seyal Del canopy in Parkland agro-forestry system. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management, 10(6), 124–129.

Adrinal, Gusmini, Darfis, I., & Putri, E. L. (2021). Performance of Some Soil Physical Properties of Arabica Coffee Plantation in Solok Regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 741(1), 012028.

Aerts, R., Hundera, K., Berecha, G., Gijbels, P., Baeten, M., Mechelen, M. Van, Hermy, M., Muys, B., & Honnay, O. (2011). Forest Ecology and Management Semi-forest coffee cultivation and the conservation of Ethiopian Afromontane rainforest fragments. Forest Ecology and Management, 261(6), 1034–1041.

Akena, Y. (2022). The Effect of Coffee Expansion and its Management on Regeneration of Natural Forest in Gidame Woreda, West Ethiopia. Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 10(03).

Amamo, A. A. (2014). Coffee Production and Marketing in Ethiopia. European Journal of Business and Management.

Arai, Y., Hundera, K., & Yoshikura, T. (2023). Challenges in conserving forest ecosystems through coffee certification: A case study from southwestern Ethiopia. July, 1–12.

Barrios, E., Valencia, V., Jonsson, M., Brauman, A., Hairiah, K., Mortimer, P. E., & Okubo, S. (2018). Contribution of trees to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management, 14(1), 1–16.

Batjes, N. H. (2011). Soil organic carbon stocks under native vegetation – Revised estimates for use with the simple assessment option of the Carbon Benefits Project system. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 142(3–4), 365–373.

Belay, B., Zewdie, S., Mekuria, W., Abiyu, A., Amare, D., & Woldemariam, T. (2019). Woody species diversity and coffee production in remnant semi-natural dry Afromontane Forest in Zegie Peninsula, Ethiopia. Agroforestry Systems, 93(5), 1793–1806.

Betemariyam, M., Kefalew, T., & Tolera, M. (2023). Comparison of Woody Species Diversity and Carbon Stock along Natural Forest to Farmland Conversion Gradient in the Gura-Ferda District of Southwestern Ethiopia. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 42(6), 590–606.

Bond, W. J., Midgley, J. J., & Bond, W. J. (2017). Ecology of sprouting in woody plants: The persistence niche. 5347(November).

Chapman, C. A., Chapman, L. J., Zanne, A., & Burgess, M. A. (2002). Does Weeding Promote Regeneration of an Indigenous Tree Community in Felled Pine Plantations in Uganda. Restoration Ecology Vol. 10 No. 2, pp. 408–415.

Decuyper, M., Ayele, K., Brede, B., Calders, K., Armston, J., Rozendaal, D. M. A., Mora, B., Clevers, J. G. P. W., Kooistra, L., Herold, M., & Bongers, F. (2018). Assessing the structural differences between tropical forest types using Terrestrial Laser Scanning. Forest Ecology and Management, 429(July), 327–335.

Denu, D. (2019). Plant Species Richness and Diversity in Beda-Buna Coffee Forest, Jimma Zone, Oromia Regional State, Southwest Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Education and Sciences. 15(1), 1-17.

Dinsa, Y. A. (2022). The Effect of Coffee Expansion on Carbon Stock of Natural Forest in Gidame Woreda, West Ethiopia. American Journal of Life Sciences. 10(5), 104-114.

Donald, P. F. (2004). Biodiversity Impacts of Some Agricultural Commodity Production Systems. Conservation biology. 18(1), 17-37.

Etana, B., Atickem, A., Tsegaye, D., Bekele, A., De Beenhouwer, M., Hundera, K., Lens, L., Fashing, P. J., & Stenseth, N. Chr. (2021). Traditional shade coffee forest systems act as refuges for medium-and large-sized mammals as natural forest dwindles in Ethiopia. Biological Conservation, 260, 109219.

Gallina, S., Mandujano, S., & Gonzalez-Romero, A. (1996). Conservation of mammalian biodiversity in coffee plantations of Central Veracruz, Mexico. Agroforestry Systems, 33(1), 13–27.

Gamachu, F. I., & Jegora, T. (2019). Effects of coffee management intensification in natural forests on woody species diversity and structure in Yayo district, southwestern Ethiopia. International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research, 7(03).

Geeraert, L., Hulsmans, E., Helsen, K., Berecha, G., Aerts, R., & Honnay, O. (2019). Rapid diversity and structure degradation over time through continued coffee cultivation in remnant Ethiopian Afromontane forests. Biological Conservation, 236, 8–16.

Gessese, B. H. (2018). Effects of Coffee (Coffee arabica) Plantation Expansion on Woody Plant Species Diversity of Tululujia Control Hunting Area’s Natural Forest ; Guraferda, South Western Ethiopia. Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 6(3), 35–42.

Gole, T. W., & Abeba, A. (2015). Coffee production systems in Ethiopia.

Gole, W. T., Borsch, T., Denich, M., & Teketay, D. (2008). Floristic composition and environmental factors characterizing coffee forests in southwest Ethiopia. Forest Ecology and Management, 255(7), 2138–2150.

Gole, W. T. (2003). Vegetation of the Yayu forest in SW Ethiopia: Impacts of human use and implications for in situ conservation of wild Coffea arabica L. Populations. Ecology and Development Series No. 10. University of Bonn, Bonn.

Hundera, K., Aerts, R., Fontaine, A., Van Mechelen, M., Gijbels, P., Honnay, O., & Muys, B. (2013). Effects of Coffee Management Intensity on Composition, Structure, and Regeneration Status of Ethiopian Moist Evergreen Afromontane Forests. Environmental Management, 51(3), 801–809.

Kassa, H., Dondeyne, S., Poesen, J., Frankl, A., & Nyssen, J. (2018). Agro-ecological implications of forest and agroforestry systems conversion to cereal-based farming systems in the White Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 42(2), 149–168.

Kefalew, T., Toler, M., Sahle, K. (2023). Biodiversity and Carbon Stock Potential of Forest-Farm Interface in South Central Highland of Ethiopia. World Journal of Forest Research, 2(1).

Kewessa, G., Tiki, L., Nigatu, D., & Datiko, D. (2019). Effect of Forest Coffee Management Practices on Woody Species Diversity and Composition in Bale Eco-Region, Southeastern Ethiopia. Open Journal of Forestry, 09(04), 265–282.

Kufa, T. (2013). Characterizing major soil physical properties of coffee forest ecosystems in Ethiopia. International Journal of Soil Science and Agronomy. 1 (1), 001-009.

Likassa, E., & Gure, A. (2017). Diversity of shade tree species in smallholder coffee farms of western Oromia, Ethiopia. International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture. 5 (4), 294-304

Mengist, W., Urgessa, K., Haile, K., & Kebebew, Z. (2013). Comparative Study of Forest under Participatory Forest Management: A Case of Belete Gera Forest, Southwest Ethiopia. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research 17 (5): 607-612.

Mengistu, B., & Asfaw, Z. (2019). Carbon Sequestration in Agroforestry Practices with relation to other Land Uses around Dallo Mena Districts of Bale Zone, Southeastern Ethiopia. Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Research, Vol. 7(5), 218-226.

Nigatu, D., Tiki, L., Kewessa, G., & Datiko, D. (2017). Traditional coffee management practices and their effects on woody species structure and regeneration in Bale Eco-Region, Ethiopia. International Journal of Advanced Research, 5(6), 591–598.

Neupane, A., Raya, S. B., Bhattarai, S., & Neupane, S. (2019). Organic matter and properties of soil in forest and agriculture areas. International Journal of Geography, Geology and Environment, 1(2), 28–33.

Nolan, K. A., & Callahan, J. E. (2006). Beachcomber Biology: The Shannon-Weiner Species Diversity Index. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267230639

Schmitt, C. B. (2006). Montane rainforest with wild Coffea arabica in Bonga region (SW Ethiopia): Plant diversity, wild coffee management and implications for conservation. Cuvillier Verlag.

Schmitt, C. B., Senbeta, F., Denich, M., Preisinger, H., & Boehmer, H. J. (2010). Wild coffee management and plant diversity in the montane rainforest of southwestern Ethiopia. African Journal of Ecology, 48(1), 78–86.

Senbeta, F., & Denich, M. (2006). Effects of wild coffee management on species diversity in the Afromontane rainforests of Ethiopia. Forest Ecology and Management, 232(1–3), 68–74.

Strong, W. L. (2016). Biased richness and evenness relationships within Shannon–Wiener index values. Ecological Indicators, 67, 703–713.

Teketay, D. (1991). History, botany and ecological requirements of coffee.

Wang, J., & Azam, W. (2024). Natural resource scarcity, fossil fuel energy consumption, and total greenhouse gas emissions in top emitting countries. Geoscience Frontiers, 15(2), 101757.

Wood, A., Tolera, M., Snell, M., O’Hara, P., & Hailu, A. (2019). Community forest management (CFM) in south-west Ethiopia: Maintaining forests, biodiversity and carbon stocks to support wild coffee conservation. Global Environmental Change, 59, 101980.

Worku, M. (2023). Production, productivity, quality and chemical composition of Ethiopian coffee. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 9(1), 2196868.

Yasin, H., Kebebew, Z., & Hundera, K. (2018). Woody Species Diversity, Regeneration and Socioeconomic Benefits under Natural Forest and Adjacent Coffee Agroforests at Belete Forest, Southwest Ethiopia. Ekológia (Bratislava), 37(4), 380–391.

Zewdie, B., Tack, A. J. M., Ayalew, B., Wondafrash, M., Nemomissa, S., & Hylander, K. (2022). Plant biodiversity declines with increasing coffee yield in Ethiopia’s coffee agroforests. Journal of Applied Ecology, 59(5), 1198–1208.