Assessment on Qualities of Drinking Water, Ambient Air, and River in Select Barangays in Mariveles, Bataan, Philippines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v6i2.1916Keywords:
Environmental Assessment, Pollution, Rural Philippines, SustainabilityAbstract
This quantitative study, employing a Descriptive-Survey Design, investigates assessments on drinking water, ambient air, and river in three barangays - Alas-Asin, Baseco, and Sisiman - within Mariveles, Bataan. A survey-questionnaire instrument, divided into five sections, evaluates various aspects, including water quality, ambient air quality, their effects on health and community, barangay river quality, and respondents’ awareness of environmental initiatives. With a sample size of 900 respondents, 300 from each barangay, statistical analysis reveals concerning findings regarding access to safe drinking water, air and water quality issues, and limited community awareness. Recommendations include enhancing access to safe drinking water, improving air quality monitoring, strengthening community engagement, fostering partnerships, and regularly monitoring environmental projects. This research stresses the urgent need for proactive measures to address environmental challenges and promote sustainability in Mariveles, Bataan, emphasizing collaboration among stakeholders for lasting positive change.
Downloads
References
Acharya, A. S., Prakash, A., Saxena, P., & Nigam, A. (2013). Sampling: Why and how of it? Indian Journal of Medical Specialties, 4(2), 330–333.
Al‑Rawi, O. F., & Al‑Ghamdi, S. G. (2023). Residential rooftop photovoltaic adoption using a sequential mixed‑methods approach in Qatar. Sustainability, 15(9), 7353.
Apuke, O. D. (2017). Quantitative research methods: A synopsis approach. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 6(10), 1–8.
Babbie, E. (2016). The practice of social research (14th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Bhattacherjee, A. (2019). Social science research: Principles, methods, and practices (2nd ed.). USF Open Access Textbooks.
Boateng, G. O., Neilands, T. B., Frongillo, E. A., Melgar‑Quiñonez, H. R., & Young, S. L. (2018). Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: A primer. Frontiers in Public Health, 6, 149.
Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Caruso, B. A., Clasen, T., Yount, K. M., Cooper, H. L., Hadley, C., & Haardörfer, R. (2019). Assessing women’s negative sanitation experiences and concerns: The development of a novel sanitation insecurity measure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(1), 97.
Chavez, R. S., de Guia, M. B., Maranan, M. C., & Sunga, J. O. (2020). Assessing the environmental management practices of local government units in the Philippines. Environmental Challenges, 2, 100018.
Cochran, W. G. (2017). Sampling techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley India.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE.
Danielsen, F., Eicken, H., Funder, M., Johnson, N., Lee, O., Theilade, I., Argyriou, D., & Burgess, N. D. (2022). Community monitoring of natural resource systems and the environment. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 47, 637–670.
Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, phone, mail, and mixed‑mode surveys: The tailored design method (4th ed.). Wiley.
Dockery, D. W., & Pope, C. A., III. (2018). Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution. Annual Review of Public Health, 39, 13–30.
Etikan, I., & Bala, K. (2017). Sampling and sampling methods. Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal, 5(6), 149–154.
Folke, C., Österblom, H., Jouffray, J.-B., Lambin, E. F., Adger, W. N., Scheffer, M., … Nyström, M. (2019). Transnational corporations and the challenge of biosphere stewardship. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 3(10), 1396–1403.
Fowler, F. J. (2013). Survey research methods (5th ed.). SAGE.
Gravetter, F. J., & Wallnau, L. B. (2017). Essentials of statistics for the behavioral sciences (9th ed.). Cengage.
Howard, G., Bartram, J., & Pedley, S. (2018). Risk‑based approaches to drinking water quality regulation. Journal of Water and Health, 16(4), 543–548.
IPBES. (2019). Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services. IPBES Secretariat.
Israel, G. D. (2016). Determining sample size (Publication No. PEOD‑6). University of Florida IFAS Extension.
Jamwal, P., Sinha, R., Mehrotra, R., & Kumar, P. (2021). Challenges in drinking water quality monitoring in urban areas of India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(2), 87.
Kabir, S. M. S. (2016). Basic guidelines for research: An introductory approach for all disciplines. Book Zone.
Khan, M. T., Ahmed, S., & Nawaz, R. (2018). Public awareness and participation in solid waste management in developing countries. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 20(6), 2545–2563.
Kumar, R. (2019). Research methodology: A step‑by‑step guide for beginners (5th ed.). SAGE.
Lavrakas, P. J. (2020). Encyclopedia of survey research methods. SAGE.
Lim, S. S., et al. (2018). Air pollution and burden of disease attributable to household solid fuel use: A comparative risk assessment for 2016. The Lancet Planetary Health, 2(11), e513–e525.
Magsino, R. P. (2020). Assessment of the implementation of the ecological solid waste management in selected barangays in Quezon City, Philippines. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 10(1), 1–11.
McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2021). Research in education: Evidence‑based inquiry (8th ed.). Pearson.
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (7th ed.). Pearson.
Patel, M. M., Miller, R. L., & Chillrud, S. N. (2018). Air pollution and child respiratory health: A case‑crossover study in the Milan metropolitan area, Italy. Environmental Health Perspectives, 126(1), 017007.
Peralta, M. A. C., & Bartolo, J. N. (2018). Policy implementation of ecological solid waste management program in the Province of Cavite, Philippines. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 9(11), 324–328.
Prüss‑Ustün, A., Wolf, J., Bartram, J., Clasen, T., Cumming, O., Freeman, M. C., … Johnston, R. (2019). Burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene for selected adverse health outcomes: An updated analysis. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 222(5), 765–777.
Rahman, S. M., Amin, M. R., & Hossain, M. F. (2020). Household water quality in developing countries: A review of studies and research. Water Policy, 22(4), 531–545.
Sullivan, G. M., Artino, A. R., & Etchberger, L. (2017). Analyzing and interpreting data from Likert‑type scales. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 5(4), 541–542.
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling methods in research methodology: How to choose a sampling technique for research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(2), 18–27.
Trochim, W. M. K. (2006). Research methods: The concise knowledge base. Atomic Dog Publishing.
UNDP. (2020). Accelerating progress toward the SDGs: A focus on local government. United Nations Development Programme.
UNEP. (2019). Air pollution in Asia and the Pacific: Science‑based solutions. United Nations Environment Programme.
UNICEF. (2020). Water, sanitation and hygiene: Annual report 2020. https://www.unicef.org/reports/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-2020.
WHO. (2019). Water quality and health: Review of turbidity information for regulators and water suppliers. World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2019). Drinking-water. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water
Zhang, S., et al. (2020). The relationship between air pollution and human health: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), 2215.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2025 Arlene A. Zabala

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.